ArticleThe journal of political economy2022
Reevaluating the Long-Term Impact of In Utero Exposure to the 1918 Influenza Pandemic.
Article in The journal of political economy, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early-life local labor market conditions and old-age male mortality: evidence from deindustrialization of New England textile sector.Journal of demographic economics · 2026Article
- Parental socioeconomic composition of birth cohorts changed during the COVID-19 pandemic.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Early-life infectious disease exposure, the "hygiene hypothesis," and lifespan: Evidence from hookworm disease.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- The intergenerational legacy of early-life malnutrition during the great leap forward famine in China.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Effects of Restrictive Abortion Legislation on Cohort Mortality Evidence from 19Journal of public economics · 2025Article
- Fertility in a Pandemic: Evidence from California.Population and development review · 2024Article
- Grandchildren's Longevity and Their Grandfathers' POW Trauma in the U.S. Civil War.Demography · 2024Article
- Extreme events, educational aspirations, and long-term outcomes.Population and environment · 2024Article
- Barker's Hypothesis Among the Global Poor: Positive Long-Term Cardiovascular Effects of in Utero Famine Exposure.Demography · 2023Article
- The Unequal Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Infant Health.Demography · 2022Article
- The 1968 Influenza Pandemic and COVID-19 Outcomes.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Almond (2006) argues that in utero exposure to the 1918 influenza pandemic reduced the 1919 birth cohort's adult socioeconomic status (SES). We show that this cohort came from lower-SES families, which is incompatible with Almond's cohort-comparison identification strategy. The adult SES deficit is reduced after background characteristics are controlled for; it is small and statistically insignificant in models that include household fixed effects. Replicating Almond's state-level dose-response analysis, we find no evidence in census data that influenza exposure reduced adult SES. Evidence from a city-level dose-response analysis on educational attainment using WWII enlistees from 287 cities is mixed.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.