ArticleAdvances in ophthalmology practice and research2021
Relationship between axial length and spherical equivalent refraction in Chinese children.
Article in Advances in ophthalmology practice and research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Postoperative amblyopia in children with congenital cataracts: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- The association between macronutrients intake and myopia risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Pooled it
- Estimation of cycloplegic spherical refraction from non-cycloplegic clinical and biometric data in children using machine learning: a retrospective pilot study for screening triage.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Myopia Management Consensus Statement in South Korean Children 2025 by the Korean Myopia Society for the Korean Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus.Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO · 2026Review
- Association between peripheral retinal lesions and ocular biometric parameters in adults with mild-to-moderate myopia attending a refractive surgery clinic.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Changes in choriocapillaris blood flow density and associated factors affecting axial elongation in Chinese children and adolescents with mild to moderate myopia: a cross-sectional study.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- The real-world effectiveness of defocus incorporated multiple segments and highly aspherical lenslets on myopia control: a longitudinal study from the French myopia cohort.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2025Observational
- Review
- Early identification of the efficacy of 0.125% atropine treatment for children with Myopia: A prospective pilot study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Characteristics of Peripheral Retinal Refraction and Its Role in Children with Different Refractive States.Journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Effects of different orthokeratology lens designs on slowing axial length elongation in children with myopia.International journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Complications of high myopia: An update from clinical manifestations to underlying mechanisms.Advances in ophthalmology practice and researchReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between axial length (AL) and spherical equivalent refraction (SER) in Chinese children. Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study included 1208 eyes (from 617 Chinese boys and 591 Chinese girls), ranging between 2 and 12 years. All subjects were divided into subgroups according to the spherical equivalent refraction (SER) (hyperopia, emmetropia, and myopia) and age (2-6 years, 7-9 years, and 10-12 years). Comparisons were made between age, sex, and SER groups. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the correlation of AL and SER for all groups. Results: The mean AL and SER were significantly different among the three age groups: 2-6 years group (AL: 22.24 ± 1.59 mm; SER: 0.73 ± 2.67 D); 7-9 years group (AL: 23.49 ± 1.10 mm; SE: -0.68 ± 1.97 D) and 10-12 years group (AL: 24.33 ± 1.02 mm; SER: -1.72 ± 1.86 D). Boys showed longer AL compared with the girls (23.66 ± 1.51 mm vs 23.05 ± 1.32 mm). However, as for SER, the girls (-0.70 ± 2.17 D) showed smaller SER (more myopia) compared with the boys (-0.4 ± 2.48 D). After adjusting for age and sex, the SER tended to decrease (became more myopic) 1.23 D (95% CI: 1.15-1.30D) with a 1 mm increase of AL. Among the different SER groups, the SER tended to become more myopic per mm of AL by 1.09 D (95% CI: 0.97-1.21D) for the myopia group, 1.38 D (95% CI: 1.23-1.54 D) for the hyperopia group, and 0.05 D (95% CI: 0.02-0.08 D) for the emmetropic group. In addition, an increase of 1 mm elongation of AL showed a decrease of SER by 1.05 D (95% CI: 0.90-1.20 D) among 2 - 6-year-olds, by 1.40 D (95% CI: 1.30-1.51 D) among 7 - 9-year-olds, and by 1.37 D (95% CI: 1.21-1.52 D) among 10-12-year-olds. As for sexual differences, the girls 1.68 D, (95% CI: 1.57-1.79 D) showed a more significant myopic shift of SER with a 1 mm increase of AL compared with the boys (0.94 D, 95% CI: 0.84-1.04 D). Conclusions: Our results indicated a strong linear relationship between SER and AL and an early-rising trend of myopia in Chinese children.
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