Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37846103›Full record

ArticleJournal of primary care & community health

Prevalence of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections Before, During, and After the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany: A Cross-Sectional Study of 2 167 453 Outpatients.

Sven H Loosen, Wolfgang Plendl, Marcel Konrad, Christian Tanislav, Tom Luedde, Christoph Roderburg, Karel Kostev

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of primary care & community health. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07479394 (A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of AHCC® Supplementation for Prevention of Respiratory Tract Infections Among Children Age 4-6 Years Old), which is not on this map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
3.6field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07479394 phase4not yet recruitingnot on this map

A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of AHCC® Supplementation for Prevention of Respiratory Tract Infections Among Children Age 4-6 Years Old

TypeinterventionalSponsorHasanuddin UniversityRan2026 to 2027Enrolled60ConditionsRespiratory Tract Infections (RTI)Armsa prebiotic, that us a standardized extract of cultured Lentinula edodes mycelia, Placebo (dextrin)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Nasal sprays and a behavioural intervention for respiratory tract infections in primary care: 12-month follow-up of a randomised open-label trial.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2026
    Trial
  2. Article
  3. Observational
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Bioscience of microbiota, food and health · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Sven H LoosenClinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Wolfgang PlendlIQVIA, Epidemiology, Frankfurt, Germany.
Marcel KonradFOM University of Applied Sciences for Economics and Management, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-6798-5092
Christian TanislavDiakonie Hospital Jung Stilling Siegen, Siegen, Germany.
Tom LueddeClinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Christoph RoderburgClinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Karel KostevIQVIA, Epidemiology, Frankfurt, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-2124-7227
Düsseldorf University Hospital · DEDiakonie Klinikum Jung-Stilling · DEFOM University of Applied Sciences for Economics and Management · DEPhilipps University of Marburg · DE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAlthough the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic on global healthcare systems is declining, long-term sequelae such as long COVID syndrome and other disease dynamics not primarily associated with COVID-19 remain a challenge. Recent data suggest that the incidence of non-COVID upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) is increasing sharply in the post-pandemic period, but there is a lack of real-world data from Germany in this respect.

methodsThis cross-sectional study evaluated the number of patients with a diagnosis of URTI from the Disease Analyzer database (IQVIA) between January 2019 and December 2022. The number of UTRI diagnoses per practice and the duration of sick leave per patient were compared over time.

resultsA total of 1 872 935 individuals (1 403 907 patients from general practices (GP) and 469 028 patients from pediatric offices) were included, 48% of whom were female. The number of URTI patients per practice was significantly higher in 2022 than in 2019 (732 vs 464, 58%,

conclusionOur data suggest a dramatic increase in the incidence of URTI among all demographic subgroups in Germany between 2019 and 2022, which was associated with a tremendous impact on socioeconomic variables such as the frequency or duration of sick leave. These data could be of great importance in current pandemic management and the management of future pandemics.

Indexed as

COVID-19Respiratory Tract InfectionsAdolescentAdultAgedChildCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleGermanyHumansMaleOutpatientsPandemicsPost-Acute COVID-19 SyndromePrevalenceYoung AdultCOVID-19infectionpneumoniaSARS-CoV-2sick leaveURTI

Identifiers

PMID37846103
PMCPMC10580722
OpenAlexW4387691883

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.