SynthesisBMC psychiatry2023
A meta-analysis on the therapeutic efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for cognitive functions in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders.
Synthesis in BMC psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07182344 (Effects of iTBS on Cognitive Control in Children With ADHD), which is not on this map. Cited by 15 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of iTBS on Cognitive Control in Children With ADHD: A Randomized, Sham-Controlled Study Integrating EEG During ANT, fNIRS, MRI, and Genetic Markers
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and Evidence Certainty of High-Frequency rTMS for Cognitive Impairment Across Neuropsychiatric Disorders: An Umbrella Review.Brain and behavior · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and Safety of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Brain and behavior · 2025Pooled it
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cortical excitability and therapeutic efficacy.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy of Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation in Improving Working Memory in Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Holistic Management of Adult ADHD with a History of Addiction: Emphasis on Low-Addiction-Risk Psychopharmacotherapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Enhancing working memory in MCI: Modulating alpha-gamma coupling and gamma oscillations via rTMS.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025Article
- The Multidimensional Dynamic Feedback Model: A Comprehensive Framework for Understanding and Managing Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Applications in the Study of Executive Functions: A Review.Brain and behavior · 2024Review
- Real-time TMS-EEG for brain state-controlled research and precision treatment: a narrative review and guide.Journal of neural engineering · 2024Review
- The Use of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Attention Optimization Research: A Review from Basic Theory to Findings in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Depression.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Revolutionizing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with artificial intelligence.PLOS mental health · 2024Article
- Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on prefrontal cortical activation in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Brain Function Characteristics of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Aged 4-9 Years During a GO/NOGO Task: An Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2024Article
- Effect of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on cognitive impairment in WD patients based on inverse probability weighting of propensity scores.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- Alpha modulation via transcranial alternating current stimulation in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTherapeutic efficacies of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for improving cognitive functions in patients with deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) remained unclear. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of rTMS focusing on different cognitive performances.
methodsMajor databases were searched electronically from inception to February 2023 by using keywords mainly "rTMS" and "ADHD" to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the therapeutic efficacy of rTMS for improving cognitive functions assessed by standardized tasks in patients with ADHD. The overall effect size (ES) was calculated as standardized mean difference (SMD) based on a random effects model.
resultsMeta-analysis of five RCTs with 189 participants (mean age of 32.78 and 8.53 years in adult and child/adolescent populations, respectively) demonstrated that rTMS was more effective for improving sustained attention in patients with ADHD compared with the control groups (SMD = 0.54, p = 0.001).Our secondary analysis also showed that rTMS was more effective for improving processing speed than the control groups (SMD = 0.59, p = 0.002) but not for enhancing memory or executive function.
conclusionsOur results supported the therapeutic efficacy of rTMS for improving sustained attention and processing speed. However, the limitation of available data warrants further studies to verify these findings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.