Entropy-driven reactions for controlling CRISPR/Cas12a and constructing an electrochemical biosensor for cardiac biomarkers detection.

An electrochemical biosensor is reported for controlling CRISPR/Cas12a activity through the utilization of entropy-driven reactions, alongside the construction of a highly sensitive biosensor for B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) detection. In the biosensor, entropy-driven reactions are employed to regulate the activity of CRISPR/Cas12a - a gene editing tool - capable of nonspecific cleavage of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). The biosensor architecture encompasses an electrode that is modified with ssDNA probes designed to hybridize with target BNP aptamers. These aptamers, furnished with labeled ssDNA triggers, facilitate the activation of CRISPR/Cas12a through interaction with its guide RNA. Upon the presence of BNP, it associates with the aptamers, subsequently liberating the triggers that instigate the entropy-driven reactions. As a consequence of these reactions, more stable duplexes emerge between the triggers and guide RNA, thereby activating CRISPR/Cas12a. The activated CRISPR/Cas12a subsequently executes cleavage of ssDNA probes residing on the electrode surface, culminating in the generation of an electrochemical signal directly (the calibration plots of differential pulse voltammetric detection were acquired at a working potential of 0.2 V (vs. ref. electrode)) proportional to the BNP concentration. Validation of the biosensor's performance is undertaken, wherein BNP detection is demonstrated in both buffer and human serum samples. Evident in the findings is the biosensor's discernible sensitivity and specificity for BNP detection, exemplified by a detection limit of 13.53 fM and a lack of interference originating from other cardiac biomarkers, respectively. Furthermore, the biosensor's potential to discriminate between healthy individuals and those afflicted by heart failure, predicated on distinctive BNP levels, is illustrated.