ArticleScientific reports2023
Thermodynamic modelling of cements clinkering process as a tool for optimising the proportioning of raw meals containing alternative materials.
Article in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Investigation of Solar Waste Sand as a Supplementary Raw Material for Ordinary Portland Cement Clinker Production.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Hydration characteristics of cement blended with thermally reactivated recycled concrete demolition waste.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Influence of Raw Material Fineness on Clinker Burnability and Cement Performance.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The valorisation of waste or by-products in Portland clinker production is a promising alternative for developing sustainable cements. The complexity of the chemical reactions during clinkering demands an adequate dosing method that considers the effect of feedstock impurities to maximise the potential substitution of natural resources by waste or by-products, while guaranteeing the clinker reactivity requirements. This study proposes a raw meal proportioning methodology for optimising co-processing of natural feedstocks with alternative raw materials in clinker production, intending to reduce the content of natural raw materials needed, while promoting an optimal clinker reactivity. A thermodynamic modelling sequence was developed considering the variability of raw materials composition and heating temperatures. The model was then validated by comparing simulation outcomes with results reported in previous studies. An experimental case study was conducted for validation of the proposed method using a spent fluid catalytic cracking catalyst (SFCC), a by-product from the oil industry as an alternative alumina source during clinkering. The modelling simulations indicated that substitution of natural feedstocks by 15 wt% SFCC promotes the formation of reactive clinkers with more than 54% tricalcium silicate (C
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Registered trials
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