ArticleBMJ open2023
Association of proton pump inhibitor use with risk of kidney stones: an analysis of cross-sectional data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2018).
Article in BMJ open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between gastroesophageal reflux disease and kidney stone disease in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses.Urolithiasis · 2026Article
- Proton pump inhibitors and the risk of urolithiasis: A Mendelian randomization study.Medicine · 2025Article
- An exploratory study evaluated the 30 most commonly reported medications in the United States food and drug administration's adverse event reporting system that are associated with the occurrence of kidney stones.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveSeveral studies have suggested a potential link between use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and the risk of kidney stones, attributed to alterations in urine mineral levels. Our study aimed to investigate the association between PPI use and kidney stones in US adults.
designCross-sectional study.
settingNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2018).
participants27 075 individuals with complete information on PPI use and history of kidney stones were included in this study. OUTCOMES AND ANALYSES: Non-linear analysis, logistic regression analysis and subgroup analysis were conducted to estimate the relationship between PPI use and the occurrence and recurrence of kidney stones, after adjusting for potential confounding factors.
resultsMultivariable logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between PPI use and kidney stones (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.60), with a 4% increase in the prevalence of kidney stones for each additional year of PPI use (p<0.001). Similarly, PPI use was significantly associated with recurrent kidney stones (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.13), with a 7% increase in the recurrence of kidney stones for each additional year of PPI use (p<0.001). Furthermore, these associations remained significant even after conducting propensity score matching analysis on a subset of PPI users and non-users (all p≤0.001). Subgroup analyses showed that the effects of PPI use on kidney stones differed by age, sex, race and body mass index.
conclusionsThis study indicated that long-term use of PPI was associated with a higher risk of both the presence and recurrence of kidney stones.
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