ArticleEnvironmental geochemistry and health2023
Investigating the impacts of heavy metal(loid)s on ecology and human health in the lower basin of Hungary's Danube River: A Python and Monte Carlo simulation-based study.
Article in Environmental geochemistry and health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 9 papers.
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9 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comprehensive assessment of heavy metal(loid) contamination and health risks in agricultural soils near the Menzel Bourguiba steel smelter, Tunisia.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Seasonal hydrochemical characteristics of spring water in Southern Poland: integrating geochemical modeling, health risk analysis and mitigation strategies.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Environmental and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and toxic elements in the red sea using Monte Carlo simulation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Source apportionment, ecological and health risks of potentially toxic elements in street dusts across different land uses in city of Kermanshah, Iran.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Chronic stress in adulthood results in microvascular dysfunction and subsequent depressive-like behavior.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Comprehensive approach integrating water quality index and toxic element analysis for environmental and health risk assessment enhanced by simulation techniques.Environmental geochemistry and health · 2024Article
- Assessing surface water quality in Hungary's Danube basin using geochemical modeling, multivariate analysis, irrigation indices, and Monte Carlo simulation.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Advanced approach combines integrated weight water quality index and potential toxic elements for environmental and health risk assessment supported by simulation technique in Oued Souf, Algeria.Scientific reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the environmental and health risks of the heavy metal levels in the Danube River in Hungary. The metals, including Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Pb, and As, were measured in the period from 2013 to 2019. The Spearman correlation and heatmap cluster analysis were utilized to determine the origin of pollution and the factors that control surface water quality. Several indices, such as the heavy metal pollution index (HPI), metal index (MI), hazard quotient oral and dermal (HQ), hazard index oral and dermal (HI), and carcinogenic risk (CR), were conducted to evaluate the potential risks for the environment and human health. The values of the HPI were between the range of 15 < HPI < 30, which indicated moderate pollution; however, the MI results showed high pollution in Dunaföldvár and Hercegszántó cities. The ecological risk (RI < 30) and HI values (< 1) showed low environmental risks and non-carcinogenic impacts of the existing metals, either on adults or children. The mean CR value of oral arsenic was 2.2E-04 and 2.5E-04 during April-September and October-March, respectively, indicating that children were the most vulnerable to arsenic-carcinogenic oral effects. While lead's CR oral values for children during April-September exceeded the threshold of 1.0E-04, chromium's oral and dermal CR values for both adults and children were 2.08E-04, 6.11E-04, 1.97E-04, and 5.82E-04 during April-September and October-March, respectively. These results demonstrate the potential carcinogenic risks related to chromium exposure within the two pathways in Hungary and highlight the need for effective measures to mitigate these risks.
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