ReviewClinical oral investigations2023
Halitosis: etiology, prevention, and the role of microbiota.
Review in Clinical oral investigations, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oral probiotic Weissella cibaria improves halitosis and reduces periodontal pathogens: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.BMC oral health · 2026Trial
- A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study on Probiotic Treatment for Halitosis: Novel Insights into Glucose and Phosphorus Metabolism.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Trial
- Efficacy of Probiotic Tablets in the Reduction of Halitosis: A Randomised, Single Blind, Controlled Clinical Trial.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2024Trial
- Ageing of the Oral Mucosa: Mechanisms and Consequences.International dental journal · 2026Review
- Nanoparticle-integrated smart hydrogel with HJournal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- The Effect ofDentistry journal · 2026Article
- Drug-Related Halitosis: A Narrative Review.International dental journal · 2026Review
- Nasal Microbiota as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Allergic Rhinitis: An Emerging Perspective.Current pharmaceutical design · 2026Review
- Clinical and Microbiological Changes Following Multi-Strain Probiotic Mouthrinse Use in Dental Students with Halitosis: A Prospective Single-Arm Study.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dentistry · 2026Article
- Interactions between taste and oral microbiome: mechanisms and implications for oral and systemic diseases.Journal of oral microbiology · 2026Review
- Prevalence and Associated Factors of Halitosis Among University Students in Guangxi, Southern China: A Cross-Sectional Study.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2025Article
- Microbiota-based therapies in oral health and disorders.Folia microbiologica · 2025Review
- Gut Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids: Key Factors in Pediatric Obesity and Therapeutic Targets.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Genomic structural equation modeling identifies shared genetic architecture and novel loci for halitosis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A scientometric study on research trends and characteristics of halitosis.Journal of dental sciences · 2025Article
- Which volatile components in breath associated with lung cancer could contribute to halitosis?Clinical oral investigations · 2025Article
- A Novel Postbiotic Reduces Canine Halitosis.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- hTAS2R38 polymorphisms modulate oral microbiota and influence the prevalence and treatment outcome of halitosis.Microbiome · 2025Article
- Impact of non-surgical periodontal therapy on self-perceived halitosis, and the senses of smell and taste: a prospective clinical study.BMC oral health · 2025Observational
- Clinical and measurement variables affecting halitosis intensity following cysteine challenge test.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThis study aims to review halitosis research, discuss its various causes, and propose effective interventions based on the underlying etiologies and mechanisms. The main research question is to identify the primary factors contributing to halitosis and appropriate strategies to address them. MATERIALS AND
methodsA comprehensive literature review was conducted on halitosis and its associated causes, including oral pathological factors, oral microbial influences, microbial metabolic pathways, gastrointestinal diseases, and gut microbiota dysbiosis.
resultsUnhealthy eating habits and an imbalance of microorganisms in the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract were identified as primary causes of halitosis. Dental caries, periodontal disease, xerostomia, and digestive disorders like gastritis and irritable bowel syndrome were also found to be related to the development of halitosis. Due to poor oral hygiene or antibiotic use, disruption of microbial communities can result in dysbiosis, inflammation, and halitosis.
conclusionsHalitosis is a multifactorial condition with various underlying causes, including oral and systemic diseases. Effective interventions should be tailored based on the specific etiologies and mechanisms involved. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Understanding the factors contributing to halitosis is crucial for developing appropriate treatment strategies. Enhancing oral hygiene habits, using antimicrobial drugs, or administering probiotics may help regulate oral or intestinal flora, thereby improving halitosis and overall oral health.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.