ReviewActa neuropsychiatrica2023
Blood-brain barrier permeability and electroconvulsive therapy: a systematic review.
Review in Acta neuropsychiatrica, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Catatonia an Unexpected Side Effect of Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Case Report.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2026Article
- Effects of modifying the pulse width on cognitive side effects with electroconvulsive therapy for schizophrenia.Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2025Article
- Clinical effect of non-convulsive electroconvulsive therapy combined with olanzapine in patients with schizophrenia.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Transient plasma p-tau217 elevations after electroconvulsive therapy: A two-case report.Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe cause of cognitive side effects after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is largely unknown. Alterations in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) have been considered in several recent ECT studies. We therefore found it worthwhile to perform a systematic review of the literature to examine if electrically induced seizures affect the permeability of the BBB.
methodsPubMed/MEDLINE and Embase were searched 16 November 2022. Studies with a direct measurement of BBB permeability in animals treated with modified electroconvulsive stimulation (ECS) and in humans treated with ECT were included. Synthesis of results was narrative due to the low number of studies and differences in study designs.
resultsFour animal and two human (31 participants) studies were included. In animals, two studies found increased BBB permeability to some smaller molecules after modified ECS, while the two other studies found marginally increased or unchanged permeability to albumin after treatment. In contrast, the human studies did not find increased BBB permeability to smaller molecules or albumin after ECT.
conclusionAnimal but not human studies support increased BBB permeability to some smaller molecules after electrically induced seizures. However, this conclusion is confined by the low number of studies and the lack of studies applying state-of-the-art methods. More studies using modern approaches to measuring of BBB permeability are warranted. FUNDING AND REGISTRATION: The study was founded by
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