ArticleTranslational animal science2023
A comprehensive characterization of longevity and culling reasons in Canadian Holstein cattle based on various systematic factors.
Article in Translational animal science, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Identification of culling reasons, intervals, and risk factors by postpartum period classification in dairy farms.Animal bioscience · 2026Article
- Cow Longevity and Reasons and Risk Factors for Culling in South African Holstein and Jersey Dairy Herds.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Longevity and Culling Reasons in Dairy Herds in Southern Brazil.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Characterizing age-related features for assessing biological age and characteristics in Xinjiang Brown cattle.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Genome-wide association and functional annotation analyses reveal candidate genes and pathways associated with various ewe longevity indicators in U.S. Katahdin sheep.Frontiers in genetics · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
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Abstract
The decision of premature culling cows directly impacts the profitability of dairy farms. A comprehensive characterization of the primary causes of culling reasons would greatly improve both management and selection objectives in dairy cattle breeding programs. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the temporal frequencies of 34 culling reasons in Canadian Holstein cows. After data editing and quality control, records from 3,096,872 cows culled from 9,683 herds spread across Canada were used for the analyses covering the periods from 1996 to 2020. Reproductive issues were the main culling reason accounting for 23.02%, followed by milk production (20.82%), health (20.39%), conformation problems (13.69%), economic factors (13.10%), accidents (5.67%), age-related causes (1.67%), and workability (1.63%). Nearly fifty-eight percent of cows were culled after 47 months of age. The observed frequencies of culling due to economic factors were lower than expected from 1996 to 2014 and higher than expected between 2015 and 2020. Reproduction issues had the highest culling frequencies during fall (24.54%), winter (24.02%), and spring (22.51%), while health issues were the most frequent (22.51%) culling reason in the summer season. Health issues (25.50%) and milk production (27.71%) were the most frequent culling reasons in the provinces of Quebec and Ontario, respectively. Reproductive issues showed the highest frequency across climates based on the Köppen climate classification, except for Csb (Dry-summer subtropical or Mediterranean climate) and Bsk (Middle latitude steppe climate), which correspond to small regions in Canada, where production was the most frequent culling reason (29.42% and 21.56%, respectively). Reproductive and milk performance issues were the two main culling reasons in most ecozones, except in Boreal Shield and Atlantic Marine, where health issues had the highest frequencies (25.12 and 23.75%, respectively). These results will contribute to improving management practices and selective decisions to reduce involuntary culling of Holstein cows.
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