ArticleFrontiers in immunology2023
Cytokines impact natural killer cell phenotype and functionality against glioblastoma
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biomimetic Virus-Like Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Activate NK Cells Indirectly via Monocyte Crosstalk.Nano letters · 2026Article
- Cytokine fusion proteins for solid tumor therapy: mechanistic insights and clinical advances.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Ethical and Regulatory Considerations in the Clinical Translation of Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived NK Cell Therapies.Cell proliferation · 2026Review
- Immunological Biomarkers in Glioblastoma: Targeting T and NK Cells for Enhanced Diagnosis and Prognosis.Biologics : targets & therapy · 2026Review
- Reprogramming natural killer cells in the tumor microenvironment: Challenges and therapeutic opportunities.Cytokine & growth factor reviews · 2025Review
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- Article
- The Role of NK Cells in Cancer Immunotherapy: Mechanisms, Evasion Strategies, and Therapeutic Advances.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Harnessing IL-27: challenges and potential in cancer immunotherapy.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Feeder cell training shapes the phenotype and function of in vitro expanded natural killer cells.MedComm · 2024Article
- Prospective Molecular Targets for Natural Killer Cell Immunotherapy against Glioblastoma Multiforme.Cells · 2024Review
- Proliferation capability of natural killer cells upon cytokines stimulation correlated negatively with serum lactate dehydrogenase level in coronary artery disease patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: Natural killer (NK) cells are a part of the innate immune system and first-line defense against cancer. Since they possess natural mechanisms to recognize and kill tumor cells, NK cells are considered as a potential option for an off-the-shelf allogeneic cell-based immunotherapy. Here, our objective was to identify the optimal cytokine-based, feeder-free, activation and expansion protocol for cytotoxic NK cells against glioblastoma Methods: NK cells were enriched from human peripheral blood and expanded for 16 days with different activation and cytokine combinations. The expansion conditions were evaluated based on NK cell viability, functionality, expansion rate and purity. The cytotoxicity and degranulation of the expanded NK cells were measured Results: The expansion rates varied between 2-50-fold, depending on the donor and the expansion conditions. The best expansion rate and purity were gained with sequential selection (Depletion of CD3+ cells and enrichment of CD56+ cells) from the starting material and pre-activation with IL‑12/18/15 cytokines, which are known to produce cytokine-induced memory-like NK cells. The cytotoxicity of these memory-like NK cells was enhanced with re-activation, diminishing the donor variation. The most cytotoxic NK cells were produced when cells were boosted at the end of the expansion with IL-12/18/15 or IL-21/15. Conclusion: According to our findings the
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