ArticleOphthalmology2024
Risk of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias in Persons with Glaucoma: A National Cohort Study.
Article in Ophthalmology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk of glaucoma to subsequent dementia or cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2024Pooled it
- Primary open-angle glaucoma as a marker of upcoming Alzheimer's disease: A 20-year Danish National Registry-Based Study.Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Article
- Ocular Glymphatic System: Its Modulation and Role in Intraocular Tumors.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Review
- The Association between Glaucoma and Dementia in a National Cohort of All of Us Participants.Ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Screen, Sample, Stratify: Biomarkers and Machine Learning Compress Dementia Pathways.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Increased risk of incident dementia associated with vitamin D deficiency in glaucoma patients: a TriNetX cohort study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Enzymatic glycosylation as a potential molecular link between Alzheimer's disease and glaucoma.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Topical WIN 55 212-2 Confers Long-Term Intraocular Pressure-Independent Neuroprotection in the DBA/2J Mouse Model of Glaucoma.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Hippocampal subregions functional connectivity alterations in primary angle-closure glaucoma patients with cognitive dysfunction: a resting-state fMRI study.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- Leveraging Alzheimer's Disease Omics to Identify Pleiotropic Genes Contributing to Neurodegeneration in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Retinal imaging and tissue analysis for frontotemporal degeneration: recent advances and challenges for biomarker development.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2025Review
- Astrocytes in the mouse brain respond bilaterally to unilateral retinal neurodegeneration.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Outer Retinal Thinning is Associated With Brain Atrophy in Early Age-Related Macular Degeneration.American journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Association of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thinning With Elevated High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in UK Biobank.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Rationale and design of the BeyeOMARKER study: prospective evaluation of blood- and eye-based biomarkers for early detection of Alzheimer's disease pathology in the eye clinic.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Observational
- Article
- Thirty Risk Factors for Alzheimer's Disease Unified by a Common Neuroimmune-Neuroinflammation Mechanism.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- Longitudinal assessment of intraocular pressure in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in neurologyArticle
- Association between the dietary index for gut microbiota and Alzheimer's disease: A cross-sectional study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2004 to 2018).Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeGlaucoma is a heterogeneous group of optic neuropathies that potentially may be associated with other cerebral neurodegenerative processes leading to dementia. However, prior studies have been inconsistent. We examined dementia risks after glaucoma diagnosis in a large population-based cohort.
designNational matched cohort study.
participantsA total of 324 730 persons diagnosed with glaucoma during 1995-2017 in Sweden and 3 247 300 age- and sex-matched population-based controls without prior dementia.
methodsCox regression was used to compute hazard ratios (HRs) for Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), and all-cause dementia in persons with glaucoma compared with controls, adjusting for sociodemographic factors and comorbidities.
main outcome measuresAlzheimer's disease, VaD, and all-cause dementia identified from nationwide inpatient and outpatient diagnoses through 2018.
resultsIn 16 million person-years of follow-up, 32 339 persons (10%) with glaucoma and 226 896 controls (7%) were diagnosed with dementia. Persons with glaucoma had increased risks for AD (adjusted HR, 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35-1.43), VaD (1.66; 1.61-1.72), and all-cause dementia (1.57; 1.54-1.59). Among glaucoma subtypes, both primary open-angle and normal-tension glaucoma were associated with increased risk for AD (adjusted HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.27-1.36; and 1.28; 1.20-1.36, respectively) and VaD (1.61; 1.54-1.68; and 1.39; 1.28-1.50, respectively), whereas primary angle-closure glaucoma was associated with VaD (1.26; 1.02-1.56) but not AD (0.98; 0.82-1.18). These findings were similar in men and women. All risks were highest in persons diagnosed with glaucoma at ages ≥ 70 years and were not elevated for ages < 60 years.
conclusionsIn this large national cohort, persons with glaucoma had increased risks for AD, VaD, and all-cause dementia, particularly those diagnosed with glaucoma at older ages. Persons with glaucoma may need increased monitoring for dementia to facilitate earlier detection and treatment. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
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