ArticleReproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)2023
Dietary exposure to an environmentally relevant phthalate mixture alters follicle dynamics, hormone levels, ovarian gene expression, and pituitary gene expression in female mice.
Article in Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Use of Chemical Hair Straighteners and Menstrual Disturbances.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2026Article
- Acute exposure to diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and diisononyl phthalate (DiNP) impacts pituitary hormones and inflammatory markers, suggesting altered reproductive aging in adult female mice.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of Phthalate-Induced Accelerated Ovarian Aging in Experimental Models.Current environmental health reports · 2026Review
- The role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in ovarian development, function, xenobiotic metabolism, and disease†.Biology of reproduction · 2026Review
- Living in a chemical cocktail: real-world mixture exposures and their impact on ovarian function.The Journal of reproduction and development · 2026Review
- Cohort Evidence Links Phthalate Exposure to Early Onset of Puberty in Chinese Girls.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Effects of phthalate exposure on human ovarian extracellular matrix composition: insights from a 3D spheroid model.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Epidemiologically relevant phthalate mixture and mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate exposure alter cell energy metabolism in primary mouse granulosa cells.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Neonatal exposure to an environmentally relevant phthalate mixture alters ovarian function in mice.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2025Article
- Bayesian benchmark dose modeling analysis and derivation of points of departure for female reproductive toxicity following exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) - effects on reproductive hormones, folliculogenesis and estrous cyclicity.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2025Article
- IMPACT OF REAL-LIFE ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES ON REPRODUCTION: Phthalates disrupt female reproductive health: a call for enhanced investigation into mixtures.Reproduction (Cambridge, England) · 2025Review
- Phthalates are detected in the follicular fluid of adolescents and oocyte donors with associated changes in the cumulus cell transcriptome.F&S science · 2025Article
- Association between endocrine disrupting chemicals and female infertility: a study based on NHANES database.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Phthalates are detected in the follicular fluid of adolescents and oocyte donors with associated changes in the cumulus cell transcriptome.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Advances in understanding the reproductive toxicity of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in women.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Phthalates are chemicals ubiquitously used in industry. Individual phthalates have been found to adversely affect female reproduction; however, humans are exposed to a mixture of phthalates daily, primarily through ingestion. Previous studies show that exposure to an environmentally relevant mixture of phthalates (Mix) can affect female reproduction. Little research, however, has been conducted on the effects of short-term (1 month) and long-term (6 months) exposure to Mix on ovarian functions. Thus, this study tested the hypothesis that short-term and long-term exposure to Mix alters ovarian folliculogenesis, serum hormone concentrations, pituitary gene expression, and ovarian expression of genes involved in steroidogenesis, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and oxidative stress. Adult CD-1 female mice were exposed to vehicle control (corn oil) or Mix (0.15-1500 ppm) in the chow for 1 or 6 months. Exposure to Mix for 1 month increased the number of atretic follicles (0.15 ppm), altered ovarian gene expression (0.15 ppm, 1500 ppm), and decreased serum testosterone (1.5 ppm) compared to control. Exposure to Mix for 6 months increased serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (0.15 ppm), decreased serum luteinizing hormone (LH) (0.15 ppm, 1.5 ppm, and 1500 ppm), decreased serum estradiol (1500 ppm), altered pituitary gene expression (1500 ppm), increased the number (1500 ppm) and percentage (1.5 ppm and 1500 ppm) of primordial follicles, and decreased the percentage of preantral (1500 ppm) and antral (1.5 ppm and 1500 ppm) follicles compared to control. These data indicate that exposure to Mix can alter folliculogenesis, steroidogenesis, and gene expression in female mice.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.