ArticlePhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2023
Rhythmic chew cycles with distinct fast and slow phases are ancestral to gnathostomes.
Article in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond mammals: the evolution of chewing and other forms of oropharyngeal food processing in vertebrates.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2026Review
- Jaw-Muscle Structure and Function in Primates: Insights Into Muscle Performance and Feeding-System Behaviors.Evolutionary anthropology · 2025Review
- Do salamanders chew? An X-ray reconstruction of moving morphology analysis of ambystomatid intraoral feeding behaviours.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Article
- Using salamanders as model taxa to understand vertebrate feeding constraints during the late Devonian water-to-land transition.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Review
- Introduction: food processing and nutritional assimilation in animals.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Article
- Rhythmic chew cycles with distinct fast and slow phases are ancestral to gnathostomes.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Intra-oral food processing, including chewing, is important for safe swallowing and efficient nutrient assimilation across tetrapods. Gape cycles in tetrapod chewing consist of four phases (fast open and -close, and slow open and -close), with processing mainly occurring during slow close. Basal aquatic-feeding vertebrates also process food intraorally, but whether their chew cycles are partitioned into distinct phases, and how rhythmic their chewing is, remains unknown. Here, we show that chew cycles from sharks to salamanders are as rhythmic as those of mammals, and consist of at least three, and often four phases, with phase distinction occasionally lacking during jaw opening. In fishes and aquatic-feeding salamanders, fast open has the most variable duration, more closely resembling mammals than basal amniotes (lepidosaurs). Across ontogenetically or behaviourally mediated terrestrialization, salamanders show a distinct pattern of the second closing phase (near-contact) being faster than the first, with no clear pattern in partitioning of variability across phases. Our results suggest that distinct fast and slow chew cycle phases are ancestral for jawed vertebrates, followed by a complicated evolutionary history of cycle phase durations and jaw velocities across fishes, basal tetrapods and mammals. These results raise new questions about the mechanical and sensorimotor underpinnings of vertebrate food processing. This article is part of the theme issue 'Food processing and nutritional assimilation in animals'.
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