ArticleDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)2023
Influence of Diabetes Mellitus and Smoking on Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Profiles in Gingival Crevicular Fluid.
Article in Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biomaterial strategies for precision regeneration of the tooth extraction socket: integrating site phenotype, pathological microenvironment, and healing sequence.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Beyond receptor activation: biased toll-like receptor signaling in periodontal inflammation and regeneration.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Trained immunity as a systemic bridge: the liver-gut-immune-oral axis in the comorbidity of chronic liver disease and periodontitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Analysis of the correlation between glycemic variability indices and disease severity as well as inflammatory status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and periodontitis.Clinical oral investigations · 2025Article
- The Correlations Between Diabetes Mellitus and Oro-Maxillofacial Disorders: A Statistical Perspective.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
- The influence of the menstrual cycle on inflammatory markers: the cytokines Il-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the gingival crevicular fluid.Journal of periodontal & implant science · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the Combined Effects of Tobacco and Diabetes on Periodontal Health Outcomes in India: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences · 2025Article
- Expression of MMP-14 and CD147 in Gingival Tissue of Patients With and Without Diabetes Mellitus Type II.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Stabilization Splint Therapy for Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders Improves Opening Movements and Jaw Limitation and Attenuates Pain by Influencing the Levels of IL-7, IL-8, and IL-13 in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Global burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to secondhand smoke: a comprehensive analysis from the GBD 2021 study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Clinical and Microbiological Periodontal Biofilm Evaluation of Patients with Type I Diabetes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs) and Obesity-Induced Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Early Detection of Inflammation and Malnutrition and Prediction of Acute Events in Hemodialysis Patients through PINI (Prognostic Inflammatory and Nutritional Index).Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Smoking and diabetes mellitus have been recognized as significant modifying factors of the evolution of periodontitis, being considered at the moment as descriptive factors in the periodontitis grading system. The purpose of this study was to assess the consequence of smoking, type 2 diabetes, and the combination of these two factors on clinical periodontal parameters, on the levels of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and also on ratios of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines by using a commercially available kit-based multiplex fluorescent immunoassay. The study was carried out on 124 volunteers (control (C) group = 29, diabetes mellitus (DM) group = 32, smoking (S) group = 31, and S + DM group = 32). Total mean bleeding on probing was significantly lower in the S and S + DM groups, compared to that of the other groups (
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