ReviewAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2023
IgY Antibodies from Birds: A Review on Affinity and Avidity.
Review in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Amino Acid Supplementation in Low-Protein Diets on Productive Performance, Digestive Function, and Intestinal Health of Laying Hens.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Investigation ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Stepwise PEG Precipitation Coupled with Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography Enables the Production of Highly Specific Anti-Ag85B IgY for Tuberculosis Immunodiagnostics.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Harnessing the Potential of IgY: A Creative Approach for Immunodiagnosis and Immunotherapy Against Viral Diseases of Animals.Current microbiology · 2025Review
- Egg Yolk Immunoglobulins (IgY) Purification, Activity Enhancement, and Potential Benefits for Human Health.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Latest Findings in Immunoglobulin Y Technologies and Applications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Evaluation of the Multivalent Immunoprotective Effects of Protein, DNA, and IgY Vaccines AgainstInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Protective impacts of bamboo leaf flavonoids in stressed broilers induced by diquat: Insight of antioxidant, immune response and intestinal barrier function.Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2025Article
- Effects of dietary formic acid polymer supplementation on growth performance, blood parameters, and intestinal health in lipopolysaccharide-challenged broilers.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Immunoinformatics-Aided Design of a Multiepitope Vaccine AgainstBioinformatics and biology insights · 2025Article
- Biosafety and immunology: An interdisciplinary field for health priority.Biosafety and health · 2024Review
- Comparison of immunoglobulin Y antibody production in new and spent laying hens.Veterinary world · 2024Article
- Monoclonal IgY antibodies: advancements and limitations for immunodiagnosis and immunotherapy applications.Therapeutic advances in vaccines and immunotherapy · 2024Review
- Preparation of Anti-Zearalenone IgY and Development of an Indirect Competitive ELISA Method for the Measurement of Zearalenone in Post-Fermented Tea.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
IgY antibodies are found in the blood and yolk of eggs. Several studies show the feasibility of utilising IgY for immunotherapy and immunodiagnosis. These antibodies have been studied because they fulfil the current needs for reducing, replacing, and improving the use of animals. Affinity and avidity represent the strength of the antigen-antibody interaction and directly influence antibody action. The aim of this review was to examine the factors that influence the affinity and avidity of IgY antibodies and the methodologies used to determine these variables. In birds, there are few studies on the maturation of antibody affinity and avidity, and these studies suggest that the use of an adjuvant-type of antigen, the animal lineage, the number of immunisations, and the time interfered with the affinity and avidity of IgY antibodies. Regarding the methodologies, most studies use chaotropic agents to determine the avidity index. Studies involving the solution phase and equilibrium titration reactions are also described. These results demonstrate the need for the standardisation of methodologies for the determination of affinity and avidity so that further studies can be performed to optimise the production of high avidity IgY antibodies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.