ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2023
Autophagy as a Target for Non-Immune Intrinsic Functions of Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 in Cancer.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- PD-L1 in Ovarian Cancer: Immune Evasion, Tumor-Intrinsic Signaling, and Chemoresistance.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- Photon irradiation prompts autophagy in anaplastic thyroid cancer.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- p62/SQSTM1-TRAF6/RIP1 complexes activate NF-κB-mediated PD-L1 expression and promote T-cell apoptosis in MKN45 gastric cancer cells.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2026Article
- Role of autophagy in tumorigenesis and drug resistance: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Beyond immune surveillance: IFN-γ and PD-L1 as shapers of tumor plasticity in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC).Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Novel Isolongifolenone-Based Caprolactam Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents via the p53/mTOR/Autophagy Pathway.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- PD-L1 induces autophagy and primary resistance to EGFR-TKIs in EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma via the MAPK signaling pathway.Cell death & disease · 2024Article
- mTOR: Its Critical Role in Metabolic Diseases, Cancer, and the Aging Process.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The role of the immunosuppressive PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint pathway in the aging process and age-related diseases.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2024Review
- P53/NANOG balance; the leading switch between poorly to well differentiated status in liver cancer cells.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic process that is essential to the maintenance of homeostasis through the cellular recycling of damaged organelles or misfolded proteins, which sustains energy balance. Additionally, autophagy plays a dual role in modulating the development and progression of cancer and inducing a survival strategy in tumoral cells. Programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) modulates the immune response and is responsible for maintaining self-tolerance. Because tumor cells exploit the PD-L1-PD-1 interaction to subvert the immune response, immunotherapy has been developed based on the use of PD-L1-blocking antibodies. Recent evidence has suggested a bidirectional regulation between autophagy and PD-L1 molecule expression in tumor cells. Moreover, the research into the intrinsic properties of PD-L1 has highlighted new functions that are advantageous to tumor cells. The relationship between autophagy and PD-L1 is complex and still not fully understood; its effects can be context-dependent and might differ between tumoral cells. This review refines our understanding of the non-immune intrinsic functions of PD-L1 and its potential influence on autophagy, how these could allow the survival of tumor cells, and what this means for the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 therapeutic strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.