ArticleScientific reports2023
Molecular evolutionary dynamics of enterovirus A71, coxsackievirus A16 and coxsackievirus A6 causing hand, foot and mouth disease in Thailand, 2000-2022.
Article in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Recent advances on coxsackievirus A6 vaccine research.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Global epidemiological and aetiological patterns of hand, foot, and mouth disease: a country-level scoping synthesis.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- Evolutionary and molecular characteristics of high-Shannon entropy codons in VP1 of Coxsackievirus A6.The Journal of general virology · 2026Article
- Global distribution and evolution of nine major non-polio enteroviruses revealed by genomic data mining.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal dynamics and genotypic shift of Coxsackievirus A16 in Fujian, China, from 2010 to 2025.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Animal models for enterovirus 71: Mechanisms, immunity, and applications.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Preliminary Genetic Characterization of Enteroviruses in Pediatric HFMD Cases: First Data from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2025Article
- Temporal phylodynamics of Coxsackievirus A6 VP1 in Shenzhen (2022-2024).BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- The near-complete genome of coxsackievirus A16 genotype B1c causing hand, foot, and mouth disease in Thailand, 2023.Microbiology resource announcements · 2025Article
- ZYG11B suppresses multiple enteroviruses by triggering viral VP1 degradation.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Epidemiological and genetic characterizations of hand, foot, and mouth disease and acute respiratory infections due to CV-A6 infection in Henan Province, China between 2021 and 2022.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Visual detection of Coxsackievirus A6 using a reverse transcription polymerase spiral reaction method.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- First Report of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) Outbreak in the West Bank, Palestine: Molecular Characterization of Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16).The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2025Article
- Genetic diversity and spread of recombinant coxsackievirus A4 in hand, foot, and mouth disease cases in Bangkok, Thailand: 2017-2023.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- A Novel Peptide from VP1 of EV-D68 Exhibits Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activity Against Human Enteroviruses.Biomolecules · 2024Article
- Article
- Molecular Evolutionary Dynamics of Coxsackievirus A6 Causing Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease From 2021 to 2023 in China: Genomic Epidemiology Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- Beyond polio: Exploring non-polio enteroviruses, global health preparedness, and the "Disease X" paradigm.Health science reports · 2024Article
- A review of the recombination events, mechanisms and consequences of Coxsackievirus A6.Infectious medicine · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a public health threat worldwide, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region. Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16), and CVA6 are the major pathogens causing HFMD outbreaks in several countries, including Thailand. We retrieved 385 VP1 nucleotide sequences, comprising 228 EV-A71, 33 CVA16, and 124 CVA6, deposited in the databases between 2000 and 2022 for molecular evolutionary characterization using Bayesian phylogeny. All EV-A71 identified belonged to genotype B, subgenotypes B4, and B5, and to genotype C, subgenotypes C1, C2, C4a, C4b, and C5. The analyzes demonstrated these viruses' co-circulation and subgenotypic changes throughout the past two decades. The CVA16 was grouped in genotype B1, predominantly subgenotype B1a, and the CVA6 was grouped in subgenotype D3, clades 1-4. The tMRCA of EV-A71 genotypes B and C, CVA16 B1, and CVA6 D3 dated 1993.79, 1982.62, 1995.86, and 2007.31, respectively, suggesting that the viruses were likely introduced and cryptically circulated in Thailand before the HFMD cases were recognized. We demonstrated these viruses' fluctuation and cyclical pattern throughout the two decades of observation. This study provided insight into evolutionary dynamics concerning molecular epidemiology and supported the selection of current genotype-matched vaccines, vaccine development, and implementation.
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