ArticleNature communications2023
Spatial and temporal dynamics of West Nile virus between Africa and Europe.
Article in Nature communications, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Circulation of avian influenza viruses in migratory birds in Europe and in Africa: a systematic review.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Pooled it
- Identifying genomic surveillance gaps in Africa for the global public health response to West Nile virus: a systematic review.The Lancet. Microbe · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- Not all West Nile virus lineages behave alike: dose-response differences between lineages 1 and 2.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Arbovirus Seropositivity in UK Zoo-Housed Birds, with Evidence for Autochthonous Exposure to Batai Virus.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Study of the circulation of dengue, yellow fever, and West Nile viruses in Guinea: implications for achieving the health objectives of the Simandou 2040 program.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Article
- Patterns of emergence and circulation of West Nile Virus in Algeria.Nature communications · 2026Article
- A global database of West Nile virus host prevalence and competence.Scientific data · 2026Article
- Fine-scale heterogeneity and local amplification of West Nile virus in urban environments in Berlin.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Genomic epidemiology and phylogeographic reconstruction of West Nile virus 2 in Italy from 2011 to 2023.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs in 40% of patients with WNV encephalitis in seven new cohorts.Journal of human immunity · 2026Article
- Descriptive Epidemiological Analysis of West Nile Virus Human Infections in Italy: A Surveillance-based Study (2018-2023).Current microbiology · 2026Article
- Diagnosis and Surveillance of West Nile Virus Infection in Horses: Current Methods, Challenges, and Future Directions.Veterinary sciences · 2026Review
- Molecular evolution and spatial transmission of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Introduction of a European Central-South-Eastern West Nile Virus Lineage 2 Strain in Italy in 2023: Evidence from the First Locally Acquired Neuroinvasive Case in the Calabria Region.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Mapping the bird risk index for West Nile virus in Europe and its relationship with disease occurrence in humans.Epidemiology and infection · 2026Article
- Land and climate suitability for West Nile virus in Atlantic archipelagos guided by historical data from Europe.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Article
- First molecular detection and genomic characterization of West Nile virus associated with a naturally aborted sheep in Tunisia.Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2026Article
- Increased incidence of human West Nile and Usutu infections in Austria, 2024: analysis of data from 2009 to 2024.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
30 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It is unclear whether West Nile virus (WNV) circulates between Africa and Europe, despite numerous studies supporting an African origin and high transmission in Europe. We integrated genomic data with geographic observations and phylogenetic and phylogeographic inferences to uncover the spatial and temporal viral dynamics of WNV between these two continents. We focused our analysis towards WNV lineages 1 (L1) and 2 (L2), the most spatially widespread and pathogenic WNV lineages. Our study shows a Northern-Western African origin of L1, with back-and-forth exchanges between West Africa and Southern-Western Europe; and a Southern African origin of L2, with one main introduction from South Africa to Europe, and no back introductions observed. We also noticed a potential overlap between L1 and L2 Eastern and Western phylogeography and two Afro-Palearctic bird migratory flyways. Future studies linking avian and mosquito species susceptibility, migratory connectivity patterns, and phylogeographic inference are suggested to elucidate the dynamics of emerging viruses.
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