ArticleOccupational and environmental medicine2023
National examination of occupational hazards in emergency medical services.
Article in Occupational and environmental medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Reducing workplace violence in emergency medical services: a Finnish Delphi study to develop prevention guidelines.International journal of emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Dynamic bidirectional relationships between perceived stress and emotion regulation in emergency medical service clinicians.Npj mental health research · 2026Article
- Evaluating the effectiveness of the SHEL model in reducing occupational exposure risks among pre-hospital emergency personnel: a retrospective cohort study (2018-2024).Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Biopsychosocial and Occupational Health of Emergency Healthcare Professionals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2025Review
- Prevalence and associated factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorder symptoms amongst emergency medical service workers.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Workplace violence in the ambulance service from the offender's perspective: a qualitative study using trial transcripts.BMC emergency medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveEmergency medical services (EMS) clinicians operate in environments that predispose them to occupational hazards. Our objective was to evaluate the frequency of occupational hazards and associations with mitigation strategies in a national dataset.
methodsWe performed a cross-sectional analysis of currently working, nationally certified civilian EMS clinicians aged 18-85 in the USA. After recertifying their National EMS Certification, respondents were invited to complete a survey with questions regarding demographics, work experience and occupational hazards. Three multivariable logistic regression models (OR, 95% CI) were used to describe associations between these hazards and demographics, work characteristics and mitigation strategies. Models were adjusted for age, sex, minority status, years of experience, EMS agency type, service type and EMS role.
resultsA total of 13 218 respondents met inclusion criteria (response rate=12%). A high percentage of EMS clinicians reported occupational injuries (27%), exposures (38%) and violence (64%) in the past 12 months. Odds of injury were lower with the presence of a lifting policy (0.73, 0.67-0.80), lift training (0.74, 0.67-0.81) and always using a powered stretcher (0.87, 0.78-0.97). Odds of exposure decreased with chemical, biological and nuclear exposure protection training (0.75, 0.69-0.80). Training in de-escalation techniques was associated with lower odds of experiencing violence (0.87, 0.79-0.96).
conclusionsOccupational hazards are commonly experienced among EMS clinicians. Common mitigation efforts are associated with lower odds of reporting these hazards. Mitigation strategies were not widespread and associated with lower odds of occupational hazards. These findings may present actionable items to reduce occupational hazards for EMS clinicians.
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