Trial reportAnesthesiology2024
Long-term Outcomes with Spinal versus General Anesthesia for Hip Fracture Surgery: A Randomized Trial.
Trial report in Anesthesiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of the relative differences in adverse events used for sample size calculations in orthopaedic trauma trials.European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie · 2026Pooled it
- Regional versus general anesthesia for femur and hip fracture surgery: A meta-analysis of postoperative outcomes and complications.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Pooled it
- Comparison of anesthetic effects of spinal anesthesia at L5-S1 and L3-4 under real-time ultrasound guidance in total knee arthroplasty: a single center randomized controlled trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Trial
- The Effect of Pericapsular Nerve Group Block with Liposomal Bupivacaine on Postoperative Rebound Pain in Older Hip Fracture Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Trial
- Frailty in anesthesia.Current opinion in anaesthesiology · 2026Review
- Article
- [Special considerations in geriatric anesthesiology : Aspects of perioperative management in older adults].Zeitschrift fur Gerontologie und Geriatrie · 2026Review
- Isoflurane Preconditioning Enhances Neuronal Tolerance to Amyloid-β Toxicity in HT-22 Cells via Mild Oxidative Signaling and Akt-Nrf2 Activation.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Regional Anesthesia Strategies in Orthopedic Trauma.Orthopedic reviews · 2026Article
- Effects of General Anesthesia Versus Spinal Anesthesia on Early Postoperative Cognition and 30-Day Activities of Daily Living in Elderly Hip Fracture Patients in a Chinese Plateau Region.International journal of general medicine · 2026Article
- Effect of Regional Anesthesia vs. General Anesthesia Technique on Perioperative Outcomes in Geriatric Patients With Hip Fracture: Narrative Review.Anesthesiology research and practice · 2026Review
- Development of a radiomics-vision transformer fusion model based on chest CT for predicting adverse respiratory events during recovery in elderly hip fracture patients under general anesthesia.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Peripheral nerve blocks vs selective spinal anesthesia in patients with femur fracture: a patient-, surgeon-, and assessor-blinded randomized controlled study.Journal of anesthesia, analgesia and critical care · 2025Article
- Effect of Spinal Versus General Anesthetic on 30-Day Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Undergoing Hip Arthroplasty for Femoral Neck Fracture.Orthopaedic surgery · 2025Article
- Early Postoperative Mortality Risk Factors and Five- and Ten-Year Mortality Rates After Hip Arthroplasty for Femoral Neck Fracture.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- [Special considerations in geriatric anesthesiology : Aspects of perioperative management in older adults].Die Anaesthesiologie · 2025Review
- [Anaesthesiological concepts in knee joint arthroplasty and implementation of fast-track concepts in everyday clinical practice].Orthopadie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Predictors of Pulmonary Complications Including Unplanned Intubation Within 30 Days of Femoral Open Reduction and Internal Fixation.Orthopedic reviews · 2025Article
- Comparison of the effect of general anesthesia and combined epidural anesthesia on the anesthetic management of gynecological oncological surgery.Turkish journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2024Article
- Evaluation and Prevention of Perioperative Respiratory Failure.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
30 authors at 20 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe effects of spinal versus general anesthesia on long-term outcomes have not been well studied. This study tested the hypothesis that spinal anesthesia is associated with better long-term survival and functional recovery than general anesthesia.
methodsA prespecified analysis was conducted of long-term outcomes of a completed randomized superiority trial that compared spinal anesthesia versus general anesthesia for hip fracture repair. Participants included previously ambulatory patients 50 yr of age or older at 46 U.S. and Canadian hospitals. Patients were randomized 1:1 to spinal or general anesthesia, stratified by sex, fracture type, and study site. Outcome assessors and investigators involved in the data analysis were masked to the treatment arm. Outcomes included survival at up to 365 days after randomization (primary); recovery of ambulation among 365-day survivors; and composite endpoints for death or new inability to ambulate and death or new nursing home residence at 365 days. Patients were included in the analysis as randomized.
resultsA total of 1,600 patients were enrolled between February 12, 2016, and February 18, 2021; 795 were assigned to spinal anesthesia, and 805 were assigned to general anesthesia. Among 1,599 patients who underwent surgery, vital status information at or beyond the final study interview (conducted at approximately 365 days after randomization) was available for 1,427 (89.2%). Survival did not differ by treatment arm; at 365 days after randomization, there were 98 deaths in patients assigned to spinal anesthesia versus 92 deaths in patients assigned to general anesthesia (hazard ratio, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.81 to 1.44, P = 0.59). Recovery of ambulation among patients who survived a year did not differ by type of anesthesia (adjusted odds ratio for spinal vs. general, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.67 to 1.14; P = 0.31). Other outcomes did not differ by treatment arm.
conclusionsLong-term outcomes were similar with spinal versus general anesthesia. EDITOR’S PERSPECTIVE:
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.