Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37831146›Full record

ReviewCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2023

PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors in cold colorectal cancer: challenges and strategies.

Ke Xin Lin, Alexandra C Istl, Douglas Quan, Anton Skaro, Ephraim Tang, Xiufen Zheng

Open access · hybridAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
92citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
28.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

92 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 123 citations in OpenAlex.

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32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Ke Xin LinDepartment of Pathology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5A5, Canada.
Alexandra C IstlDivision of Surgical Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Douglas QuanDepartment of Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5A5, Canada.
Anton SkaroDepartment of Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5A5, Canada.
Ephraim TangDepartment of Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5A5, Canada.
Xiufen ZhengDepartment of Pathology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5A5, Canada. xzheng26@uwo.ca.
Western University · CAMedical College of Wisconsin · USUniversity of Toronto · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer mortality, with mismatch repair proficient (pMMR) and/or microsatellite stable (MSS) CRC making up more than 80% of metastatic CRC. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and programmed death 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are approved as monotherapy in many cancers including a subset of advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) with deficiency in mismatch repair (dMMR) and/or high microsatellite instability (MSI-H). However, proficient mismatch repair and microsatellite stable (pMMR/MSS) cold CRCs have not shown clinical response to ICIs alone. To potentiate the anti-tumor response of PD-L1/PD-1 inhibitors in patients with MSS cold cancer, combination strategies currently being investigated include dual ICI, and PD-L1/PD-1 inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) /VEGF receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitors, and signal transducer and activation of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitors. This paper will review the mechanisms of PD-1/PD-L1 ICI resistance in pMMR/MSS CRC and potential combination strategies to overcome this resistance, summarize the published clinical experience with different combination therapies, and make recommendations for future avenues of research.

Indexed as

Colonic NeoplasmsColorectal NeoplasmsRectal NeoplasmsB7-H1 AntigenHumansImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsMicrosatellite InstabilityProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorVascular Endothelial Growth Factor AB7-H1 AntigenImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorVascular Endothelial Growth Factor AColorectal cancerImmune checkpoint inhibitorImmune therapyPD-1PD-L1

Identifiers

PMID37831146
PMCPMC10700246
OpenAlexW4387597413

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.