ArticleDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2024
Types of diabetes during pregnancy and risk of depression and anxiety in offspring from childhood to young adulthood.
Article in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex-specific effects of maternal gestational diabetes mellitus on offspring neurodevelopment: persistent hippocampal neurogenesis deficits in female but not male offspring.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Intrauterine gestational diabetes mellitus, child anxiety, and internalizing symptoms: moderation by physical activity.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- GDM-Related Neurodevelopmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders in the Mothers and Their Progeny, and the Underlying Mechanisms.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Rats Induce Anxiety-Depression-Like Behavior in Offspring: Association with Neuroinflammation and NF-κB Pathway.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Multi-omics integration analysis and association study reveal the potential of ADIPOQ function in gestational diabetes mellitus.Nutrition & diabetes · 2025Article
- Gestational Diabetes: An Update 60 Years After O'Sullivan and Mahan.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Review
- Technology advances in diabetes pregnancy: right technology, right person, right time.Diabetologia · 2024Review
- Depression and Anxiety Among US Children and Young Adults.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- The Role of the Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load in the Dietary Approach of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Article
- Diabetes in Pregnancy for Mothers and Offspring: Reflection on 30 Years of Clinical and Translational Research: The 2022 Norbert Freinkel Award Lecture.Diabetes care · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aimsTo assess maternal pre-existing type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during pregnancy and risk of depression and anxiety from childhood to young adulthood in offspring. MATERIALS AND
methodsThis birth cohort included singletons born during 1995-2015, followed using electronic medical records through 2020. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) of depression or anxiety diagnosis during follow-up associated with in-utero exposure to maternal diabetes.
resultsAmong 439 590 offspring, 29 891 (6.8%) had depression and 51 918 (11.8%) had anxiety. T1D, followed by T2D and GDM requiring antidiabetes medication were associated with risk of depression and anxiety in offspring. Compared with no diabetes during pregnancy, the adjusted HRs (95% confidence interval) of depression in offspring associated with T1D, T2D or GDM requiring medications were 1.44 (1.09-1.91), 1.30 (1.15-1.47) and 1.18 (1.11-1.26) respectively; conversely, HRs were 0.97 (0.82-1.15) for T2D and 0.99 (0.94-1.04) for GDM without medications. The associations with anxiety followed similar patterns. The significant associations were observed for offspring ages 5-12 and >12-18 years and attenuated for 18-25 years.
conclusionThese data suggest that the severity of diabetes (T1D vs. T2D requiring medications vs. GDM requiring medications) during pregnancy may increase the vulnerability of offspring for depression or anxiety.
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