ArticlePNAS nexus2023
Phase shift between joint rotation and actuation reflects dominant forces and predicts muscle activation patterns.
Article in PNAS nexus, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- A theoretical description of the tree cricket ear as a highly phase sensitive biomechanical interferometer.iScience · 2026Article
- Brain-inspired energy efficient technologies for next-generation artificial intelligence.Biological cybernetics · 2026Review
- Incorporating buccal mass planar mechanics and anatomical features improves neuromechanical modeling of Aplysia feeding behavior.Biological cybernetics · 2025Article
- Article
- Tradeoffs in the energetic value of neuromodulation in a closed-loop neuromechanical system.Journal of theoretical biology · 2025Article
- Sensorimotor delays constrain robust locomotion in a 3D kinematic model of fly walking.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Variational analysis of sensory feedback mechanisms in powerstroke-recovery systems.Biological cybernetics · 2024Article
- Moving in an Uncertain World: Robust and Adaptive Control of Locomotion from Organisms to Machine Intelligence.Integrative and comparative biology · 2024Review
- Scaling of buccal mass growth and muscle activation determine the duration of feeding behaviours in the marine mollusc Aplysia californica.The Journal of experimental biology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
During behavior, the work done by actuators on the body can be resisted by the body's inertia, elastic forces, gravity, or viscosity. The dominant forces that resist actuation have major consequences on the control of that behavior. In the literature, features and actuation of locomotion, for example, have been successfully predicted by nondimensional numbers (e.g. Froude number and Reynolds number) that generally express the ratio between two of these forces (gravitational, inertial, elastic, and viscous). However, animals of different sizes or motions at different speeds may not share the same dominant forces within a behavior, making ratios of just two of these forces less useful. Thus, for a broad comparison of behavior across many orders of magnitude of limb length and cycle period, a dimensionless number that includes gravitational, inertial, elastic, and viscous forces is needed. This study proposes a nondimensional number that relates these four forces: the phase shift (
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.