ArticleScientific reports2023
Long-lasting effects of World War II trauma on PTSD symptoms and embodiment levels in a national sample of Poles.
Article in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- A cross-national study of demographic variation and childhood predictors of traumatic distress.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Negative and positive childhood experiences with regard to PTSD and subjective well-being in the national sample of Poles.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The effect of cortisol in early pregnancy on postpartum depressive symptoms.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Adverse childhood experiences and ICD-11 complex posttraumatic stress disorder in Poland: a population-based study.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to investigate the long-lasting influences of World War II (WWII) trauma in a national sample of Poles, based on Danieli's (1998) survivors' post-trauma adaptational styles (fighter, numb, victim) and their link with current post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and embodiment level among participants. We also sought to investigate whether the level of knowledge about WWII trauma among ancestors could moderate that association. The study was conducted among a representative sample of 1598 adult Poles obtained from an external company. Participants filled out the Danieli Inventory of Multigenerational Legacies of Trauma, the knowledge about traumatic World War II experiences in the family questionnaire, the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale-5, and the Experience of Embodiment Scale. We observed a positive relationship between all survivors' post-trauma adaptational styles and current levels of PTSD symptoms among participants. In addition, PTSD level mediated the relationships between those adaptational styles and embodiment intensity; that mediation was additionally moderated by a lack of knowledge about WWII trauma among ancestors in our participants. Our study adds to the literature on intergenerational trauma by highlighting the importance of evaluating embodiment in understanding the mechanisms of trauma transmission. Furthermore, it highlights the moderating effect of knowledge of family history in this mechanism and the need to share family histories with subsequent generations.
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