SynthesisOsteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA2024
Trabecular bone score in adults with type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Contributions of Bone Microarchitecture to Skeletal Fragility in Adults with Longstanding Type 1 Diabetes.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2026Article
- Impaired Bone Density and Quality in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Prevalence and Key Clinical Correlations.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Swimming exercise reversed the loss of grip strength, muscle cross-sectional area and trabecular bone volume among type 1 diabetic rats independent of insulin therapy.International journal of clinical and experimental pathology · 2026Article
- Association of the metabolic score for insulin resistance with bone mineral density and trabecular bone score in cancer patients: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Pathophysiology of Bone Fragility in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Current osteoporosis reports · 2025Review
- Bone microstructure and TBS in diabetes: what have we learned? A narrative review.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2025Review
- Association between sensitivity to thyroid hormones and trabecular bone score in euthyroid individuals: a population-based cross-sectional study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2024Article
- Review
- Bone metabolism in diabetes: a clinician's guide to understanding the bone-glucose interplay.Diabetologia · 2024Review
- Quantitative ultrasound imaging reveals distinct fracture-associated differences in tibial intracortical pore morphology and viscoelastic properties in aged individuals with and without diabetes mellitus - an exploratory study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Acromegaly and Bone: An Update.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2023Review
- Role of Anabolic Anti-Osteoporosis Therapy in Diabetes Subjects.Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolismReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with a disproportionately high fracture rate despite a minimal decrease in bone mineral density. Though trabecular bone score (TBS), an indirect measure of bone architecture, is lower in adults with T1DM, the modest difference is unlikely to account for the large excess risk and calls for further exploration.
introductionFracture rates in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are disproportionately high compared to the modestly low bone mineral density (BMD). Distortion of bone microarchitecture compromises bone quality in T1DM and is indirectly measured by trabecular bone score (TBS). TBS could potentially be used as a screening tool for skeletal assessment; however, there are inconsistencies in the studies evaluating TBS in T1DM. We performed this meta-analysis to address this knowledge gap.
methodsAn electronic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science resources (all-year time span) to identify studies relating to TBS in T1DM. Cross-sectional and retrospective studies in adults with T1DM were included. TBS and BMD data were extracted for pooled analysis. Fracture risk could not be analyzed as there were insufficient studies reporting it.
resultData from six studies were included (T1DM: n = 378 and controls: n = 286). Pooled analysis showed a significantly lower TBS [standardized mean difference (SMD) = - 0.37, 95% CI - 0.52 to - 0.21; p < 0.00001] in T1DM compared to controls. There was no difference in the lumbar spine BMD (6 studies, SMD - 0.06, 95% CI - 0.22 to 0.09; p = 0.43) and total hip BMD (6 studies, SMD - 0.17, 95% CI - 0.35 to 0.01; p = 0.06) in the case and control groups.
conclusionsAdults with T1DM have a lower TBS but similar total hip and lumbar spine BMD compared to controls. The risk attributable to the significant but limited difference in TBS falls short of explaining the large excess propensity to fragility fracture in adults with T1DM. Further studies on clarification of the mechanism and whether TBS is suited to screen for fracture risk in adults with T1DM are necessary.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.