Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37818250›Full record

ArticleBrain-X2023

3D printing-based full-scale human brain for diverse applications.

Weijian Hua, Cheng Zhang, Lily Raymond, Kellen Mitchell, Lai Wen, Ying Yang, Danyang Zhao, Shu Liu, Yifei Jin

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Brain-X, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. High-Speed Embedded Ink Writing of Anatomic-Size Organ Constructs.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Weijian HuaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA.
Cheng ZhangDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA.
Lily RaymondDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA.
Kellen MitchellDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA.
Lai WenDepartment of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA.
Ying YangDepartment of Chemistry, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA.
Danyang ZhaoSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
Shu LiuDepartment of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
Yifei JinDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4336-1802

Funding

Transgenic Animal Genotyping and Phenotyping CoreP20GM130459 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA RENO · PI Yumei Feng Earley · 2019 to 2026
$20.3M
NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM130459
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Surgery is the most frequent treatment for patients with brain tumors. The construction of full-scale human brain models, which is still challenging to realize via current manufacturing techniques, can effectively train surgeons before brain tumor surgeries. This paper aims to develop a set of three-dimensional (3D) printing approaches to fabricate customized full-scale human brain models for surgery training as well as specialized brain patches for wound healing after surgery. First, a brain patch designed to fit a wound's shape and size can be easily printed in and collected from a stimuli-responsive yield-stress support bath. Then, an inverse 3D printing strategy, called "peeling-boiled-eggs," is proposed to fabricate full-scale human brain models. In this strategy, the contour layer of a brain model is printed using a sacrificial ink to envelop the target brain core within a photocurable yield-stress support bath. After crosslinking the contour layer, the as-printed model can be harvested from the bath to photo crosslink the brain core, which can be eventually released by liquefying the contour layer. Both the brain patch and full-scale human brain model are successfully printed to mimic the scenario of wound healing after removing a brain tumor, validating the effectiveness of the proposed 3D printing approaches.

Indexed as

3D printingbrain patchfull-scale human brain modelsstimuli-responsive yield-stress bathsurgery trainingwound healing

Identifiers

PMID37818250
PMCPMC10564551

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.