Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37817579›Full record

ArticlePsychiatric services (Washington, D.C.)2024

Psychotherapy Disruption Before and After the Transition to Virtual Mental Health Care Induced by the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Brian K Ahmedani, Hsueh-Han Yeh, Robert B Penfold, Gregory E Simon, Lisa R Miller-Matero, Esther Akinyemi, Marisa Fallone, Shivali Patel, Ganj Beebani, Stephanie A Hooker and 5 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.0field-weighted citation impact, top 13% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Utilization of mental health services during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic - a systematic review and meta-analysis.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. The rapid shift to virtual mental health care: Examining psychotherapy disruption by rurality status.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2024
    Article
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Brian K AhmedaniCenter for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Ahmedani, Yeh, Miller-Matero), Behavioral Health Services (Ahmedani, Miller-Matero, Akinyemi, Fallone, Patel, Beebani), and Public Health Sciences (Levin), Henry Ford Health, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (Penfold, Simon); HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis (Hooker, Knowlton, Rossom); Center for Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, and Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); Authority Health, Detroit (Eke-Usim).
Hsueh-Han YehCenter for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Ahmedani, Yeh, Miller-Matero), Behavioral Health Services (Ahmedani, Miller-Matero, Akinyemi, Fallone, Patel, Beebani), and Public Health Sciences (Levin), Henry Ford Health, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (Penfold, Simon); HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis (Hooker, Knowlton, Rossom); Center for Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, and Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); Authority Health, Detroit (Eke-Usim).
Robert B PenfoldCenter for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Ahmedani, Yeh, Miller-Matero), Behavioral Health Services (Ahmedani, Miller-Matero, Akinyemi, Fallone, Patel, Beebani), and Public Health Sciences (Levin), Henry Ford Health, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (Penfold, Simon); HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis (Hooker, Knowlton, Rossom); Center for Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, and Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); Authority Health, Detroit (Eke-Usim).
Gregory E SimonCenter for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Ahmedani, Yeh, Miller-Matero), Behavioral Health Services (Ahmedani, Miller-Matero, Akinyemi, Fallone, Patel, Beebani), and Public Health Sciences (Levin), Henry Ford Health, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (Penfold, Simon); HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis (Hooker, Knowlton, Rossom); Center for Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, and Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); Authority Health, Detroit (Eke-Usim).
Lisa R Miller-MateroCenter for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Ahmedani, Yeh, Miller-Matero), Behavioral Health Services (Ahmedani, Miller-Matero, Akinyemi, Fallone, Patel, Beebani), and Public Health Sciences (Levin), Henry Ford Health, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (Penfold, Simon); HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis (Hooker, Knowlton, Rossom); Center for Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, and Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); Authority Health, Detroit (Eke-Usim).
Esther AkinyemiCenter for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Ahmedani, Yeh, Miller-Matero), Behavioral Health Services (Ahmedani, Miller-Matero, Akinyemi, Fallone, Patel, Beebani), and Public Health Sciences (Levin), Henry Ford Health, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (Penfold, Simon); HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis (Hooker, Knowlton, Rossom); Center for Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, and Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); Authority Health, Detroit (Eke-Usim).
Marisa FalloneCenter for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Ahmedani, Yeh, Miller-Matero), Behavioral Health Services (Ahmedani, Miller-Matero, Akinyemi, Fallone, Patel, Beebani), and Public Health Sciences (Levin), Henry Ford Health, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (Penfold, Simon); HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis (Hooker, Knowlton, Rossom); Center for Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, and Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); Authority Health, Detroit (Eke-Usim).
Shivali PatelCenter for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Ahmedani, Yeh, Miller-Matero), Behavioral Health Services (Ahmedani, Miller-Matero, Akinyemi, Fallone, Patel, Beebani), and Public Health Sciences (Levin), Henry Ford Health, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (Penfold, Simon); HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis (Hooker, Knowlton, Rossom); Center for Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, and Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); Authority Health, Detroit (Eke-Usim).
Ganj BeebaniCenter for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Ahmedani, Yeh, Miller-Matero), Behavioral Health Services (Ahmedani, Miller-Matero, Akinyemi, Fallone, Patel, Beebani), and Public Health Sciences (Levin), Henry Ford Health, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (Penfold, Simon); HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis (Hooker, Knowlton, Rossom); Center for Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, and Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); Authority Health, Detroit (Eke-Usim).
Stephanie A HookerCenter for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Ahmedani, Yeh, Miller-Matero), Behavioral Health Services (Ahmedani, Miller-Matero, Akinyemi, Fallone, Patel, Beebani), and Public Health Sciences (Levin), Henry Ford Health, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (Penfold, Simon); HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis (Hooker, Knowlton, Rossom); Center for Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, and Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); Authority Health, Detroit (Eke-Usim).
Ashli Owen-SmithCenter for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Ahmedani, Yeh, Miller-Matero), Behavioral Health Services (Ahmedani, Miller-Matero, Akinyemi, Fallone, Patel, Beebani), and Public Health Sciences (Levin), Henry Ford Health, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (Penfold, Simon); HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis (Hooker, Knowlton, Rossom); Center for Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, and Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); Authority Health, Detroit (Eke-Usim).
Gregory KnowltonCenter for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Ahmedani, Yeh, Miller-Matero), Behavioral Health Services (Ahmedani, Miller-Matero, Akinyemi, Fallone, Patel, Beebani), and Public Health Sciences (Levin), Henry Ford Health, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (Penfold, Simon); HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis (Hooker, Knowlton, Rossom); Center for Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, and Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); Authority Health, Detroit (Eke-Usim).
Albert LevinCenter for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Ahmedani, Yeh, Miller-Matero), Behavioral Health Services (Ahmedani, Miller-Matero, Akinyemi, Fallone, Patel, Beebani), and Public Health Sciences (Levin), Henry Ford Health, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (Penfold, Simon); HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis (Hooker, Knowlton, Rossom); Center for Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, and Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); Authority Health, Detroit (Eke-Usim).
Angela Eke-UsimCenter for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Ahmedani, Yeh, Miller-Matero), Behavioral Health Services (Ahmedani, Miller-Matero, Akinyemi, Fallone, Patel, Beebani), and Public Health Sciences (Levin), Henry Ford Health, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (Penfold, Simon); HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis (Hooker, Knowlton, Rossom); Center for Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, and Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); Authority Health, Detroit (Eke-Usim).
Rebecca C RossomCenter for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Ahmedani, Yeh, Miller-Matero), Behavioral Health Services (Ahmedani, Miller-Matero, Akinyemi, Fallone, Patel, Beebani), and Public Health Sciences (Levin), Henry Ford Health, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (Penfold, Simon); HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis (Hooker, Knowlton, Rossom); Center for Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, and Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); Authority Health, Detroit (Eke-Usim).
Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute · US

Funding

SSRI's and SuicidalityU19MH092201 · NIMH · KAISER FOUNDATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI SIMON, GREGORY E. · 2010 to 2018
$19.5M
Whose Depression Are We Measuring?: Considering the role of place on Black women’s depression outcomesU19MH121738 · NIMH · KAISER FOUNDATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI SIMON, GREGORY E. · 2019 to 2023
$10.6M
NIMH NIH HHS U19 MH092201NIMH NIH HHS U19 MH121738
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study aimed to examine population-level disruption in psychotherapy before and after the rapid shift to virtual mental health care induced by the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.

methodsThis retrospective study used electronic health record and insurance claims data from three U.S. health systems. The sample included 110,089 patients with mental health conditions who were members of the health systems' affiliated health plans and attended at least two psychotherapy visits from June 14, 2019, through December 15, 2020. Data were subdivided into two 9-month periods (before vs. after COVID-19 onset, defined in this study as March 14, 2020). Psychotherapy visits were measured via health records and categorized as in person or virtual. Disruption was defined as a gap of >45 days between visits.

resultsVisits in the preonset period were almost exclusively in person (97%), whereas over half of visits in the postonset period were virtual (52%). Approximately 35% of psychotherapy visits were followed by a disruption in the preonset period, compared with 18% in the postonset period. Disruption continued to be less common (adjusted OR=0.45) during the postonset period after adjustment for visit, mental health, and sociodemographic factors. The magnitude of the difference in disruption between periods was homogeneous across sociodemographic characteristics but heterogeneous across psychiatric diagnoses.

conclusionsThis study found fewer population-level disruptions in psychotherapy receipt after rapid transition to virtual mental health care following COVID-19 onset. These data support the continued availability of virtual psychotherapy.

Indexed as

COVID-19TelemedicineHumansMental HealthPandemicsPsychotherapyRetrospective StudiesMental health systems/hospitalsPsychotherapyVirtual care

Identifiers

PMID37817579
PMCPMC11881780
OpenAlexW4387515760

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.