ArticleBMC psychology2023
Psychometric properties of the Persian Gaming Disorder Test and relationships with psychological distress and insomnia in adolescents.
Article in BMC psychology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Validation of Two Gaming Disorders Assessment Tools for Indian Young Adults: Psychometric Evaluation of the Gaming Disorder Test (GDT) and Gaming Disorder Scale for Young Adults (GADIS-YA).The Psychiatric quarterly · 2025Article
- Burden of gaming disorder among adolescents: A systemic review and meta-analysis.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2025Review
- Reliability generalization Meta-Analysis and psychometric review of the Gaming Disorder test (GDT): Evaluating internal consistency.Addictive behaviors reports · 2024Review
- Mokken scale analysis of the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short-Form and the Gaming Disorder Test.Addictive behaviors reports · 2024Article
- Exploring internet addiction during Covid-19 pandemic: a comparative study considering psychological, social, familial and individual aspects in University students.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Measurement Invariance of the Lemmens Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-9 Across Age, Gender, and Respondents.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGaming Disorder (GD) was recently included by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a psychiatric condition in the eleventh revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) and is a concern worldwide, including in Iran. Thus, based on the ICD-11 criteria, a Persian version of the Gaming Disorder Test (GDT) was developed to facilitate assessment of GD.
methodsThe present study used classical test theory and Rasch analysis to examine the psychometric properties of the Persian GDT. Iranian adolescents (n = 3837; 2171 [56.6%] males; mean [SD] age = 16.02 [1.4] years) completed the GDT and other instruments assessing disordered gaming, psychological distress, and insomnia.
resultsOverall, the psychometric properties of the Persian GDT were satisfactory based on classical test theory (i.e., confirmatory factor analysis corroborated the unidimensional structure of GDT) and Rasch analysis (i.e., fit statistics suggested that all items were embedded in the concept of GD). Moreover, the Persian GDT was found to be sex-invariant, displaying no items with substantial differential item functioning across sexes. Additionally, it was found that GD mediated associations between time spent gaming and measures of psychological distress and insomnia.
conclusionThe Persian GDT is a convenient and short instrument for assessing GD among Iranian adolescents. The mediating roles of GD in the associations between time spent gaming and psychological distress and between time spent gaming and insomnia suggest that targeting features of GD may reduce psychological distress and improve sleep for Iranian adolescents.
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