ArticleVirology journal2023
First detection of porcine circovirus 4 (PCV-4) in Europe.
Article in Virology journal, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influence of vaccination against infectious diseases on the carbon footprint of fattening pigs: a systematic review.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Pooled it
- Porcine circovirus 4 status of domestic pigs and wild animals in Poland.Journal of veterinary research · 2026Article
- The Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Porcine Circoviruses (PCVs) in Eastern China During 2010-2016 and 2023-2024.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- First Molecular Detection and Genetic Characterization of Porcine Circovirus 5 in Diagnostic Swine Samples from China.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Emerging Challenges and Advances in Porcine Circovirus: A Decade in Review.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Review
- Review
- Detection Rate of Porcine Circoviruses in Different Ages and Production Herds of Intensive Pig Farms in China.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Significant Detection of Porcine Circovirus 3 and Porcine Circovirus 4 in Wild Boars from Mid-Western Spain Without Apparent Sanitary Consequences.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Comparative Pathogenicity of PCV2, PCV3, and PCV4 in Piglets: Insights Into Clinical, Pathological, and Immunological Features.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Article
- Retrospective Study Reveals Decades of PCV4 Circulation in Spain.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Article
- Retrospective investigation of porcine circoviruses in cases of porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome.Veterinary research · 2024Article
- Detection of Porcine Circovirus (PCV) Using CRISPR-Cas12a/13a Coupled with Isothermal Amplification.Viruses · 2024Review
- Molecular detection of emergingHeliyon · 2024Article
- The porcine circovirus 3 humoral response: characterization of maternally derived antibodies and dynamic following experimental infection.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Identification of a conserved B-cell epitope on the capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 4.mSphere · 2024Article
- First detection of PCV4 in swine in the United States: codetection with PCV2 and PCV3 and direct detection within tissues.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Molecular detection and genetic characteristics of porcine circovirus 3 and porcine circovirus 4 in central China.Archives of virology · 2024Article
- Screening for Viruses in Indigenous Greek Black Pigs.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Genetic diversity of porcine circoviruses 2 and 3 circulating among wild boars in the Moscow Region of Russia.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Porcine circovirus 4 (PCV-4) is a novel virus recently discovered (2019) in domestic pigs from China, although several studies have proven its circulation since 2008. Later, PCV-4 was also detected in wild boar populations from China and domestic pigs from South Korea and Thailand. Currently, Asia is so far the only continent where this novel virus has been reported; few studies carried out in South America and Europe failed in the attempt to detect it. The objective of this Comment is to communicate the first detection of PCV-4 in Europe, specifically in wild boar and domestic pigs from Mid-South-Western Spain. A retrospective study was carried out on wild boar and domestic pigs, both extensively (Iberian breed) and intensively raised, from Spain and Italy, sampled between 1998 and 2022. PCV-4 genome detection was attempted using different conventional or quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) protocols and some positive results were confirmed through Sanger sequencing. A total of 57 out of 166 (34.3%) Spanish wild boar and 9 out of 223 (4%) Iberian pigs (both geographically located in the Mid-South-Western Spain) were qPCR positive, while the rest of tested animals from North-Eastern Spain and Italy were negative. Partial sequences of Rep or Cap genes of selected samples confirmed the presence of PCV-4. The relatively high prevalence in wild boar and the low one in Iberian pigs from the same areas suggests intra- and interspecific transmission, being the wild boar a potential viral reservoir. The epidemiological and clinical importance of these findings are currently unknown, but guarantees further research on this novel virus.
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