Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37816747›Full record

ArticleNature communications2023

Marine viruses disperse bidirectionally along the natural water cycle.

Janina Rahlff, Sarah P Esser, Julia Plewka, Mara Elena Heinrichs, André Soares, Claudio Scarchilli, Paolo Grigioni, Heike Wex, Helge-Ansgar Giebel, Alexander J Probst

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. A look into the virosphere of clouds: A world yet to be explored.Current research in microbial sciences · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Janina RahlffGroup for Aquatic Microbial Ecology, Department of Chemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology (EMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany. Janina.rahlff@uol.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2132-2709
Sarah P EsserGroup for Aquatic Microbial Ecology, Department of Chemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology (EMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6772-8635
Julia PlewkaGroup for Aquatic Microbial Ecology, Department of Chemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology (EMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6858-9523
Mara Elena HeinrichsInstitute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany.
André SoaresGroup for Aquatic Microbial Ecology, Department of Chemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology (EMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5013-3034
Claudio ScarchilliItalian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), 00123, Rome, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2414-2439
Paolo GrigioniItalian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), 00123, Rome, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9802-4972
Heike WexAtmospheric Microphysics, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), 04318, Leipzig, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2129-9323
Helge-Ansgar GiebelInstitute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9452-0810
Alexander J ProbstGroup for Aquatic Microbial Ecology, Department of Chemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology (EMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9392-6544

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Marine viruses in seawater have frequently been studied, yet their dispersal from neuston ecosystems at the air-sea interface towards the atmosphere remains a knowledge gap. Here, we show that 6.2% of the studied virus population were shared between air-sea interface ecosystems and rainwater. Virus enrichment in the 1-mm thin surface microlayer and sea foams happened selectively, and variant analysis proved virus transfer to aerosols collected at ~2 m height above sea level and rain. Viruses detected in rain and these aerosols showed a significantly higher percent G/C base content compared to marine viruses. CRISPR spacer matches of marine prokaryotes to foreign viruses from rainwater prove regular virus-host encounters at the air-sea interface. Our findings on aerosolization, adaptations, and dispersal support transmission of viruses along the natural water cycle.

Indexed as

EcosystemVirusesAerosolsSeawaterWater CycleAerosols

Identifiers

PMID37816747
PMCPMC10564846

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.