Observational studyClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2024
Plasma Microbial Cell-Free DNA Sequencing in Immunocompromised Patients With Pneumonia: A Prospective Observational Study.
Observational study in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04047719 (Pneumonia in the ImmunoCompromised - Use of the Karius Test for the Detection of Undiagnosed Pathogens), which is not on this map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Pneumonia in the ImmunoCompromised - Use of the Karius Test for the Detection of Undiagnosed Pathogens
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Metagenomic Sequencing in the Early Post-Lung Transplantation Period: A Pilot Comparison with Microbiologic Culture.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Plasma metagenomic sequencing testing for diagnosis of invasive fungal infection in children and young adults.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Blood-based targeted sequencing of microbial cell-free DNA in severe pneumonia-associated sepsis.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Timing of Bronchoscopy and Plasma Microbial Cell-Free DNA Sequencing in Immunocompromised Host Pneumonia.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Advances in the Diagnosis of Invasive Pulmonary Mold Infections: Focus on Diagnostic Performance and Cost-Effectiveness of Diagnostic Tests.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Fungal diagnostic stewardship in immunocompromised populations: a focus on molds and dimorphic fungi.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Cell-free DNA metagenomic next generation sequencing for the diagnosis of infectious diseases: a retrospective assessment of clinical utility in a tertiary and quaternary care facility.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Pulmonary Nocardiosis Diagnosed by Plasma Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing in a Patient With Recurrent Febrile Neutropenia.Case reports in infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Refining the Clinical Utility of Plasma Microbial Cell-Free DNA Sequencing in High-Risk Population of Infection: A Narrative Review.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Review
- Plasma Microbial Cell-free DNA Metagenomic Sequencing for Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases Among High-risk Outpatient and Inpatient Immunocompromised Hosts.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- In-matrix library preparation for metagenomic sequencing of microbial cell-free DNA.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2025Article
- Rapid Metagenomic Sequencing of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid for Diagnosis of Infection in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies and Pulmonary Complications.CHEST pulmonary · 2025Article
- Next-Generation Sequencing for Bloodstream Infections: Shaping the Future of Rapid Diagnostics and Precision Medicine.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Microbial cell-free DNA sequencing of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid improves diagnostic yield and may add clinical utility in immunocompromised patients with severe pneumonia.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Use and Stewardship of Molecular Testing for Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Survey.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2025Article
- Observational
- Recognizing the Early Risk-Based Clinical Manifestations of Mucormycosis: Cornerstones for Improved Survival and Therapeutic Outcomes.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Metagenomic Identification of Fusarium solani Strain as Cause of US Fungal Meningitis Outbreak Associated with Surgical Procedures in Mexico, 2023.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Molecular Diagnostics for Invasive Molds: From Lab to Bedside.Clinics in laboratory medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
37 authors at 12 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPneumonia is a common cause of morbidity and mortality, yet a causative pathogen is identified in a minority of cases. Plasma microbial cell-free DNA sequencing may improve diagnostic yield in immunocompromised patients with pneumonia.
methodsIn this prospective, multicenter, observational study of immunocompromised adults undergoing bronchoscopy to establish a pneumonia etiology, plasma microbial cell-free DNA sequencing was compared to standardized usual care testing. Pneumonia etiology was adjudicated by a blinded independent committee. The primary outcome, additive diagnostic value, was assessed in the Per Protocol population (patients with complete testing results and no major protocol deviations) and defined as the percent of patients with an etiology of pneumonia exclusively identified by plasma microbial cell-free DNA sequencing. Clinical additive diagnostic value was assessed in the Per Protocol subgroup with negative usual care testing.
resultsOf 257 patients, 173 met Per Protocol criteria. A pneumonia etiology was identified by usual care in 52/173 (30.1%), plasma microbial cell-free DNA sequencing in 49/173 (28.3%) and the combination of both in 73/173 (42.2%) patients. Plasma microbial cell-free DNA sequencing exclusively identified an etiology of pneumonia in 21/173 patients (additive diagnostic value 12.1%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.7% to 18.0%, P < .001). In the Per Protocol subgroup with negative usual care testing, plasma microbial cell-free DNA sequencing identified a pneumonia etiology in 21/121 patients (clinical additive diagnostic value 17.4%, 95% CI, 11.1% to 25.3%).
conclusionsNon-invasive plasma microbial cell-free DNA sequencing significantly increased diagnostic yield in immunocompromised patients with pneumonia undergoing bronchoscopy and extensive microbiologic and molecular testing. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT04047719.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.