Observational studyBMC infectious diseases2023
Characterization and predictive risk scoring of long COVID in a south indian cohort after breakthrough COVID infection; a prospective single centre study.
Observational study in BMC infectious diseases, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk of long covid in patients with pre-existing chronic respiratory diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open respiratory research · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence and risk factors for long COVID among cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- The Role of Probiotics and Their Postbiotic Metabolites in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Long COVID-19: A Concept Analysis.Infectious disease reports · 2025Article
- Early biomarkers in hospitalized patients as predictors of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a one-year cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Effects of the ECHO tele-mentoring program on Long COVID management in health facilities in India: A mixed-methods evaluation.PloS one · 2025Article
- Neuropsychiatric manifestations of Long COVID in India: a persistent problem 2.5 years after disease onset.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Modelling the long-term health impact of COVID-19 using Graphical Chain Models brief heading: long COVID prediction by graphical chain models.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Long COVID syndrome: An unfolding enigma.The Indian journal of medical research · 2024Review
- Proposal and Definition of an Intelligent Clinical Decision Support System Applied to the Prediction of Dyspnea after 12 Months of an Acute Episode of COVID-19.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Prevalence, predictors, and patient-reported outcomes of long COVID in hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients from the city of São Paulo, Brazil.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWith the World Health Organization (WHO) declaring an end to the COVID-19 pandemic, the focus has shifted to understanding and managing long-term post-infectious complications. "Long COVID," characterized by persistent or new onset symptoms extending beyond the initial phase of infection, is one such complication. This study aims to describe the incidence, clinical features and risk profile of long COVID among individuals in a South Indian cohort who experienced post-ChAdOx1 n-Cov-2 vaccine breakthrough infections.
methodsA single-centre hospital-based prospective observational study was conducted from October to December 2021. The study population comprised adult patients (> 18 years) with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis who had received at least a single dose of vaccination. Data was collected using a specially tailored questionnaire at week 2, week 6, and week 12 post-negative COVID-19 test. A propensity score based predictive scoring system was developed to assess the risk of long COVID.
resultsAmong the 414 patients followed up in the study, 164 (39.6%) reported long COVID symptoms persisting beyond 6 week's post-infection. The presence of long COVID was significantly higher among patients above 65 years of age, and those with comorbidities such as Type II Diabetes Mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease, asthma, and cancer. Using backwards selection, a reduced model was developed, identifying age (OR 1.053, 95% CI 0.097-1.07, p < 0.001), hypertension (OR 2.59, 95% CI 1.46-4.59, p = 0.001), and bronchial asthma (OR 3.7176, 95% CI 1.24-11.12, p = 0.018) as significant predictors of long COVID incidence. A significant positive correlation was observed between the symptomatic burden and the number of individual comorbidities.
conclusionsThe significant presence of long COVID at 12 weeks among non-hospitalised patients underscores the importance of post-recovery follow-up to assess for the presence of long COVID. The predictive risk score proposed in this study may help identify individuals at risk of developing long COVID. Further research is needed to understand the impact of long COVID on patients' quality of life and the potential role of tailored rehabilitation programs in improving patient outcomes.
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