ReviewEuropean journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie2024
Targeted muscle reinnervation in upper extremity amputations.
Review in European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Foundations for the Successful Establishment of a Multidisciplinary Orthoplastic Surgery Team.Handchirurgie, Mikrochirurgie, plastische Chirurgie : Organ der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Handchirurgie : Organ der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Mikrochirurgie der Peripheren Nerven und Gefasse : Organ der V... · 2026Review
- Comparison of Reoperation and Complication Rates Between Acute and Delayed Advanced Nerve Interface Procedures in Lower-Extremity Amputees.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Necrotizing Fasciitis and Targeted Muscle Reinnervation in the Upper Extremity: A Case Report.The American journal of case reports · 2025Article
- Redefining tomorrow: the evolution of plastic and reconstructive surgery.Annals of translational medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTargeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) is a relatively recent surgical innovation that involves the coaptation of major peripheral nerves to a recipient motor branch that innervates an expendable muscle target. The original indication for TMR was augmentation and optimization of myoelectric signals in the amputated limb for use of myoelectric prosthetics. Incidentally, surgeons and patients discovered that the technique also could treat and prevent phantom and residual limb pain. TMR is performed at the time of amputation or delayed any time after the amputation, and TMR can also be performed at any level of amputation. In the upper extremity, studies have detailed the various techniques and coaptations possible at each amputation level to create intuitive myoelectric signals and treat neurogenic pain. Treatment of peripheral nerves in the amputee with TMR should be a consideration for all patients with major upper extremity amputations, especially at large institutions able to support multidisciplinary limb salvage teams. This review article summarizes the current literature and authors' techniques and recommendations surrounding TMR in the upper extremity amputee including techniques relevant to each level of upper extremity amputation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.