ArticleWiener klinische Wochenschrift2024
Insulin resistance is a cardiovascular risk factor in hypertensive adults without type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Article in Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Head-to-head comparison of fasting-insulin-based versus non-insulin-based insulin resistance surrogates for predicting all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive adults across the glycemic continuum: a prospective cohort study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Triglyceride-glucose index and mortality in critically ill patients with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stage 4.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- The Inflammation-Energy Metabolism Axis: A Central Driver of Sarcopenia-Osteoporosis: A Narrative Review.Calcified tissue international · 2026Review
- Plasma ceramide Cer24:0 and insulin resistance: associations with TyG and TG/HDL-C in a multicenter study of coronary artery disease cohorts.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Observational
- Non-linear association of a novel inflammation-lipid composite marker CRP/HDL with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes: findings from a comprehensive national cross-sectional study.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Triglyceride glucose index predicts long-term mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMetabolic syndrome refers to the association among several cardiovascular risk factors: obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension. It is associated with increased cardiovascular risk and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Insulin resistance is the underlying mechanism of metabolic syndrome, although its role in increased cardiovascular risk has not been directly identified.
objectiveWe investigated the association between insulin resistance and increased cardiovascular risk in hypertensive adults without diabetes mellitus. DESIGN AND
participantsWe enrolled participants without diabetes from an outpatient setting in a retrospective, longitudinal study. Several demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters were recorded during the observation period. Plasma insulin and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were used to determine insulin resistance and four cardiovascular events (acute coronary disease, acute cerebrovascular disease, incident heart failure, and cardiovascular mortality) were combined into a single outcome. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to evaluate the association between covariates and outcomes.
resultsWe included 1899 hypertensive adults without diabetes with an average age of 53 years (51.3% women, 23% had prediabetes, and 64.2% had metabolic syndrome). In a logistic regression analysis, male sex (odds ratio, OR = 1.66) having high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL, OR = 1.01), kidney function (OR = 0.97), and HOMA-IR (OR = 1.06) were associated with the incidence of cardiovascular events; however, in a survival multivariate analysis, only HOMA-IR (hazard ratio, HR 1.4, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.05-1.87, p = 0.02) and body mass index (HR 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02-1.08, p = 0.002) were considered independent prognostic variables for the development of incident cardiovascular events.
conclusionInsulin resistance and obesity are useful for assessing cardiovascular risk in hypertensive people without diabetes but with preserved kidney function. This work demonstrates the predictive value of the measurement of insulin, and therefore of insulin resistance, in an outpatient setting and attending to high-risk patients.
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