ReviewBMJ global health2023
Health taxes in Indonesia: a review of policy debates on the tobacco, alcoholic beverages and sugar-sweetened beverage taxes in the media.
Review in BMJ global health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- The political economy of novel food taxes and subsidies in India: insights from stakeholder interviews and a scoping review.Health policy and planning · 2026Article
- Co-development of a research-to-policy framework for Indonesia's health policy-making: a multiperspective approach.Health research policy and systems · 2026Article
- Five years of discourse related to Indonesia tobacco control reform: a content analysis of online media coverage.Tobacco control · 2025Article
- Watered down: a cross-case political economy analysis of sugar-sweetened beverage taxes in Vanuatu and Fiji.Health promotion international · 2024Article
- Framing health taxes: learning from low- and middle-income countries.BMJ global health · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionOne of the WHO's 'best buys' in controlling non-communicable diseases and their risk factors is to impose health taxes. While the Indonesian political process inhibits the implementation of health tax policy, studies to discuss the issue remain limited.
methodsWe employed media analysis to document health tax policy dynamics, for example, the changes in policy timeline and key actors' statements. We conducted an article search in the Open-Source Intelligence database using appropriate terminology on three commodities, for example, tobacco, alcoholic beverages and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB).
resultsThroughout the 15 years of implementation (2007-2022), tobacco has received the most policy attention compared with the other two commodities. This is mainly related to the increasing tariff and reforming the tax structure. As Indonesia is a Muslim-majority country, alcohol consumption is low, and a tax on alcoholic beverages was nearly unchanging and lacked media coverage. Ministry of Finance (MoF) officials are key opinion leaders often cited in the media for health taxes. MoF's support for health taxes is important to pass and implement health taxes. While SSB taxation is emerging, key opinion leaders' media statements imply policy contestation, leading to delayed implementation. The policy debates on tobacco taxation implied election years as a major challenge for health tax passages. During the political years, anti-health tax arguments emerged from politicians. While the political contestation on SSB concluded that accentuating the health tax arguments in favour of public health generates the strongest opposition against taxation from the industry.
conclusionsPolitics of tobacco tax implementation are complex-compared with the other two commodities. The political context drives the divided views among policy-makers. Policy recommendations include generating public allies with key religious opinion leaders, continuing capacity building for politicians and Ministry of Health, and generating evidence-based arguments in favour of public health for MoF.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.