ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2023
A sub-10-nm, folic acid-conjugated gold nanoparticle as self-therapeutic treatment of tubulointerstitial fibrosis.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nanomaterial-Based Precision Drug Delivery for Advanced Nephrology Therapy: A Systematic Review.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Pooled it
- Selective autophagy in kidney health and disease.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2026Review
- Chiral nanoparticles drive enantiomer-specific osteogenic differentiation of stem cells and accelerate bone regeneration.Science advances · 2026Article
- Enhancing anti-fibrotic therapy: nanomedicine approaches to overcome current limitations.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Nanomedicines for DNA and interference RNA co-delivery: Combined gene therapy for Fabry disease.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Article
- PEGylated gold nanoparticles regulate metabolic flux in erythrocytes by inducing hemoglobin deoxygenation.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Article
- Localized heat induces ERK activation and signal propagation in solid tumors.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Ligand-dependent pharmacokinetic modulation via copper doping in ultrasmall gold nanoparticles.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Article
- Kidney-targeted drug delivery: from physiological mechanisms to precision therapeutics.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Nanomedicine-Driven Precision Therapy for Renal Fibrosis: From Mechanistic Insights to Kidney-Targeted Interventions.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Bioengineered exosome-mRNA hybrids: a breakthrough in targeted miRNA delivery for diabetic kidney fibrosis therapy.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Gold nanoparticles modulate macrophage polarization to promote skeletal muscle regeneration.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Intratumoral self-assembly of renal-clearable gold nanoparticles as precise photothermal nanomedicine for liver tumor therapy.Science advances · 2025Article
- Nanotherapeutics in Kidney Disease: Innovations, Challenges, and Future Directions.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2025Review
- In Vivo Interactions of Nucleic Acid Nanostructures With Cells.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Review
- Research and Application Prospect of Nanomedicine in Kidney Disease: A Bibliometric Analysis From 2003 to 2024.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Enhancing Osteogenesis in Osteoporosis via Electromagnetized Gold Nanoparticles.Biomaterials research · 2025Article
- Inorganic Nanoparticles Containing Plant-Derived Compounds for Kidney Treatment.Bioinorganic chemistry and applications · 2025Review
- Targeting tumor suppressor p53 for organ fibrosis therapy.Cell death & disease · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nanomedicines for treating chronic kidney disease (CKD) are on the horizon, yet their delivery to renal tubules where tubulointerstitial fibrosis occurs remains inefficient. We report a folic acid-conjugated gold nanoparticle that can transport into renal tubules and treat tubulointerstitial fibrosis in mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction. The 3-nm gold core allows for the dissection of bio-nano interactions in the fibrotic kidney, ensures the overall nanoparticle (~7 nm) to be small enough for glomerular filtration, and naturally inhibits the p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase in the absence of chemical or biological drugs. The folic acids support binding to selected tubule cells with overexpression of folate receptors and promote retention in the fibrotic kidney. Upon intravenous injection, this nanoparticle can selectively accumulate in the fibrotic kidney over the nonfibrotic contralateral kidney at ~3.6% of the injected dose. Delivery to the fibrotic kidney depends on nanoparticle size and disease stage. Notably, a single injection of this self-therapeutic nanoparticle reduces tissue degeneration, inhibits genes related to the extracellular matrix, and treats fibrosis more effectively than standard Captopril therapy. Our data underscore the importance of constructing CKD nanomedicines based on renal pathophysiology.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.