Observational studyIntensive care medicine2023
European Network for ICU-Related Respiratory Infections (ENIRRIs): a multinational, prospective, cohort study of nosocomial LRTI.
Observational study in Intensive care medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Personalized automatic management of tracheal cuff pressure and subglottic secretions drainage to prevent pneumonia in critically ill intubated patients. The MICROINHALO multicenter randomized controlled trial.Intensive care medicine · 2026Trial
- Advances in ventilator-associated pneumonia: from pathophysiology to precision management.Intensive care medicine · 2026Article
- Impact of a strategy using multiplex PCR on targeted antibiotic therapy for patients with suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia or hospital-acquired pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation: a randomized, single-blind trial.Intensive care medicine · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Observational
- Strategies to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients: a SIAARTI consensus statement.Journal of anesthesia, analgesia and critical care · 2026Review
- Response to Matters Arising about the etiology of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the European POS-VAP cohort.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Article
- [Characteristics of the Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from the Lower Respiratory Tract of the Patients With Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2026Article
- Challenges and opportunities in the management of severe pneumonia. Key concepts from the Seventh Annual Meeting of Spanish Experts 2025.Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2026Review
- Quantitative interpretation models for targeted next-generation sequencing in lower respiratory tract infections: a multicenter prospective study.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Letter to perpetual observational study of the clinical and microbiological epidemiology of ventilator-associated pneumonia in Europe.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Article
- Monosodium Glutamate InhibitsMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Flexible bronchoscopy in the intensive care unit: the FLEXICARE survey.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- Clinical and Microbiological Profile of Hospital-Acquired and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Critically Ill Patients: A Retrospective Observational Study.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The next frontier in sepsis: connected ICU data for real-world clinical decision making.Intensive care medicine · 2026Review
- Phenotypic and Whole-Genome Sequencing-Based Profiling of Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence inGenes · 2026Article
- Article
- Immune imbalance markers: key factors in early recognition of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections in non-immunocompromised VAP patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Adult intensive care unit nosocomial infections related deaths in Jimma medical center: a cause specific cox regression analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Comparison of Cultures and 16S/18S Amplicon-Based Microbiome Analyses for Diagnosing Nosocomial Pneumonia in Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit-An Exploratory Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
38 authors at 20 institutions in 15 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeLower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) are the most frequent infectious complication in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). We aim to report the clinical characteristics of ICU-admitted patients due to nosocomial LRTI and to describe their microbiology and clinical outcomes.
methodsA prospective observational study was conducted in 13 countries over two continents from 9th May 2016 until 16th August 2019. Characteristics and outcomes of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (VAT), ICU hospital-acquired pneumonia (ICU-HAP), HAP that required invasive ventilation (VHAP), and HAP in patients transferred to the ICU without invasive mechanical ventilation were collected. The clinical diagnosis and treatments were per clinical practice and not per protocol. Descriptive statistics were used to compare the study groups.
results1060 patients with LRTI (72.5% male sex, median age 64 [50-74] years) were included in the study; 160 (15.1%) developed VAT, 556 (52.5%) VAP, 98 (9.2%) ICU-HAP, 152 (14.3%) HAP, and 94 (8.9%) VHAP. Patients with VHAP had higher serum procalcitonin (PCT) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores. Patients with VAP or VHAP developed acute kidney injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ failure, or septic shock more often. One thousand eight patients had microbiological samples, and 711 (70.5%) had etiological microbiology identified. The most common microorganisms were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.4%) and Klebsiella spp (14.4%). In 382 patients (36%), the causative pathogen shows some antimicrobial resistance pattern. ICU, hospital and 28-day mortality were 30.8%, 37.5% and 27.5%, respectively. Patients with VHAP had the highest ICU, in-hospital and 28-day mortality rates.
conclusionVHAP patients presented the highest mortality among those admitted to the ICU. Multidrug-resistant pathogens frequently cause nosocomial LRTI in this multinational cohort study.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.