Controllable Fabrication of Vertical Graphene with Tunable Growth Nature by Remote Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition.

As an important member of the graphene family, vertical graphene (VG) has broad applications like field emission, energy storage, and sensors owing to its fascinating physical and chemical properties. Among various fabrication methods for VG, plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) is most employed because of the fast growth rate at relatively low temperature for the high-quality VG. However, to date, relations between growth manner of VG and growth parameters such as growth temperature, dosage of gaseous carbon source, and electric power to generate plasma are still less known, which in turn hinder the massive production of VG for further applications. In this study, the growth behavior of VG was studied as functions of temperature, plasma power, and gas composition (or chamber pressure). It was found that the growth behavior of VG is sensitive to the growth conditions mentioned above. Although conditions with high growth temperature, large flow rate of mixed gas of methane and carrier gases, and high plasma power may be helpful for the fast growth of VG, brunching of VG is simultaneously enhanced, which in turn decreases the vertical growth nature of VG. High-quality VG can be achieved by optimizing the growth parameters. It was revealed that the vertical growth nature of VG is governed by the electric field at the interfacial layer between VG and the substrate, for which its strength is influenced by the density of plasma. These findings are important for the general understanding of the VG growth and provided a feasible way for the controllable fabrication of VG using the remote PECVD method which is usually believed to be unsuitable for the fabrication of VG.