ReviewHeliyon2023
Narrative review: The role of circadian rhythm on sports performance, hormonal regulation, immune system function, and injury prevention in athletes.
Review in Heliyon, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acute Effects of Percussive Massage Intensity on Change-of-Direction Performance, Vertical Jump Kinetics, and Neuromuscular Performance Across Morning and Evening Sessions in Trained Male Football Players.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Trial
- Caffeine's influence on vertical jump height: a real-life collegiate student-athlete approach.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2025Trial
- Review
- Diurnal variation in physical activity and musculoskeletal injury risk across sex and habitual exercise timing among physically active students.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Exercise Timing in Sport: Molecular and Physiological Mechanisms Linking Performance, Recovery, and Biological Cost.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Effectiveness of Melatonin-Containing Foods on Promoting Sleep: A Scoping Review.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- Psychological consequences of insufficient sleep in medical students.Discover mental health · 2026Article
- Exploring training-sleep characteristics and bidirectional lagged relationships in Chinese recreational runners: insights from a year-long wearable monitoring study.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Bidirectional Interplay Between Traumatic Brain Injury and Cardiovascular Dysfunction in Athletes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Effects of Chrono-Exercise and Chrono-Nutrition on Muscle Health: Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms Activated by Timed Exercise and Consumption of Proteins and Carbohydrates.Nutrition reviews · 2025Review
- Influence of circadian preference, sleep inertia and their interaction on marathon completion time: A retrospective, cross-sectional investigation of a large mass-participation city marathon.Journal of sleep research · 2025Article
- Circadian Regulation for Optimizing Sport and Exercise Performance.Clocks & sleep · 2025Review
- Review
- Time-of-Day Effects on Post-Activation Potentiation Protocols: Effects of Different Tension Loads on Agility and Vertical Jump Performance in Judokas.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Determinants of the severity of sports injuries among students in sports disciplines at higher education institutions.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Can a weekend of controlled hypoxia restore hormonal balance? A novel approach to stress recovery in aviation professionals.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- Diurnal Variations in Upper and Lower Body Power in Adolescent Volleyball Players: Exploring Time-of-Day Effects on Performance.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Data Mining Paths for Standard Weekly Training Load in Sub-Elite Young Football Players: A Machine Learning Approach.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2024Article
- Timing Matters: Time of Day Impacts the Ergogenic Effects of Caffeine-A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: This study was a narrative review of the importance of circadian rhythm (CR), describes the underlying mechanisms of CR in sports performance, emphasizes the reciprocal link between CR, endocrine homeostasis and sex differences, and the unique role of the circadian clock in immune system function and coordination. Method: As a narrative review study, a comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (core collection) databases using the keywords "circadian rhythm", "sports performance", "hormonal regulation", "immune system", and "injury prevention". Inclusion criteria were studies published in English and peer-reviewed journals until July 2023. Studies that examined the role of CR in sports performance, hormonal status, immune system function, and injury prevention in athletes were selected for review. Results: CR is followed by almost all physiological and biochemical activities in the human body. In humans, the superchiasmatic nucleus controls many daily biorhythms under solar time, including the sleep-wake cycle. A body of literature indicates that the peak performance of essential indicators of sports performance is primarily in the afternoon hours, and the evening of actions occurs roughly at the peak of core body temperature. Recent studies have demonstrated that the time of day that exercise is performed affects the achievement of good physical performance. This review also shows various biomarkers of cellular damage in weariness and the underlying mechanisms of diurnal fluctuations. According to the clock, CR can be synchronized with photonic and non-photonic stimuli (i.e., temperature, physical activity, and food intake), and feeding patterns and diet changes can affect CR and redox markers. It also emphasizes the reciprocal links between CR and endocrine homeostasis, the specific role of the circadian clock in coordinating immune system function, and the relationship between circadian clocks and sex differences. Conclusion: The interaction between insufficient sleep and time of day on performance has been established in this study because it is crucial to balance training, recovery, and sleep duration to attain optimal sports performance.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.