Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37809553›Full record

ArticleHeliyon2023

Fabrication of three-dimensional orthodontic force detecting brackets and preliminary clinical test for tooth movement simulation.

Qianyang Xie, Li Peilun, Zhou Zhitao, Bai Guo, Sun Ke, Li Xinxin, Tao Tiger Hu, Yang Heng, Zou Duohong, Yang Chi

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Heliyon, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Ionic-Bionic Interfaces: Advancing Iontronic Strategies for Bioelectronic Sensing and Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Qianyang XieNinth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, No. 639, Zhizaoju Rd., Shanghai, 200011, China.
Li PeilunNinth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, No. 639, Zhizaoju Rd., Shanghai, 200011, China.
Zhou ZhitaoShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 865, Changning Rd., Shanghai, 200050, China.
Bai GuoNinth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, No. 639, Zhizaoju Rd., Shanghai, 200011, China.
Sun KeShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 865, Changning Rd., Shanghai, 200050, China.
Li XinxinShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 865, Changning Rd., Shanghai, 200050, China.
Tao Tiger HuShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 865, Changning Rd., Shanghai, 200050, China.
Yang HengShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 865, Changning Rd., Shanghai, 200050, China.
Zou DuohongNinth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, No. 639, Zhizaoju Rd., Shanghai, 200011, China.
Yang ChiNinth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, No. 639, Zhizaoju Rd., Shanghai, 200011, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study aimed to develop an ultraminiature pressure sensor array to measure the force exerted on teeth. Orthodontic force plays an important role in effective, rapid, and safe tooth movement. However, owing to the lack of an adequate tool to measure the orthodontic force in vivo, it remains challenging to determine the best orthodontic loading in clinical and basic research. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) orthodontic force detection system based on piezoresistive absolute pressure sensors was designed. The 3D force sensing array was constructed using five pressure sensors on a single chip. The size of the sensor array was only 4.1 × 2.6 mm, which can be placed within the bracket base area. Based on the barometric calibration, conversion formulas for the output voltage and pressure of the five channels were constructed. Subsequently, a 3D linear mechanical simulation model of the voltage and stress distribution was established using 312 tests of the applied force in 13 operating modes. Finally, the output voltage was first converted to pressure and then to the resultant force. The 3D force-detection chip was then tested to verify the accuracy of force measurement on the teeth. Based on the test results, the average output force error was only 0.0025 N (0.7169%) (p = 0.958), and the average spatial positioning error was only 0.058 mm (p = 0.872) on the X-axis and 0.050 mm (p = 0.837) on the Y-axis. The simulation results were highly consistent with the actual force applied (intraclass correlation efficient (ICC): 0.997-1.000; p < 0.001). Furthermore, through in vivo measurements and a finite element analysis, the movement trends generated when the measured orthodontic forces that acted on the teeth were simulated. The results revealed that the device can accurately measure the orthodontic force, representing the first clinical test of an orthodontic-force monitoring system. Our study provides a hardware basis for clinical research on efficient, safe, and optimal orthodontic forces, and has considerable potential for application in monitoring the biomechanics of tooth movement.

Indexed as

Force detection bracketIn vivo force measurementMechanical simulation modelPressure sensorTooth movement

Identifiers

PMID37809553
PMCPMC10559236

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.