ArticleFrontiers in pediatrics2023
Estimate of the incidence of PANDAS and PANS in 3 primary care populations.
Article in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- "It Doesn't Matter Where OCD Comes From," or Does It?Current psychiatry reports · 2026Review
- Antibody Profiles in Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Unbiased autoantibody screening using nucleic acid protein programmable array in pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infections.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- Pediatric acute neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS) and Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS) in the Context of EMTICS: Methodological Considerations and Misinterpretations.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- Frequency and impact of paediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome/paediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections diagnosis in Canada.Paediatrics & child health · 2025Article
- Psychometric Properties of the PANS 31-Item Symptom Rating Scale.Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Immunological characterization of an Italian PANDAS cohort.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Objective: Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Streptococcal infection (PANDAS) and Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS) are presumed autoimmune complications of infection or other instigating events. To determine the incidence of these disorders, we performed a retrospective review for the years 2017-2019 at three academic medical centers. Methods: We identified the population of children receiving well-child care at each institution. Potential cases of PANS and PANDAS were identified by including children age 3-12 years at the time they received one of five new diagnoses: avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder, other specified eating disorder, separation anxiety disorder of childhood, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or other specified disorders involving an immune mechanism, not elsewhere classified. Tic disorders was not used as a diagnostic code to identify cases. Data were abstracted; cases were classified as PANDAS or PANS if standard definitions were met. Results: The combined study population consisted of 95,498 individuals. The majority were non-Hispanic Caucasian (85%), 48% were female and the mean age was 7.1 (SD 3.1) years. Of 357 potential cases, there were 13 actual cases [mean age was 6.0 (SD 1.8) years, 46% female and 100% non-Hispanic Caucasian]. The estimated annual incidence of PANDAS/PANS was 1/11,765 for children between 3 and 12 years with some variation between different geographic areas. Conclusion: Our results indicate that PANDAS/PANS is a rare disorder with substantial heterogeneity across geography and time. A prospective investigation of the same question is warranted.
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