ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2023
Racial and ethnic disparities in biomarkers of exposure and potential harm among U.S. adult exclusive e-cigarette users: 2013-2019.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Systematic review of lung function assessment among youth and young adults e-cigarette users: Current tools and emerging methods.PloS one · 2026Pooled it
- Metal in biological samples from electronic cigarette users and those exposed to their second-hand aerosol: a narrative review.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Unveiling Oral Health Impacts of Vaping in African Americans through Untargeted Metabolomics and Proteomics.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Biomarkers of Nicotine and Toxicant Exposure by E-Liquid Nicotine Concentration Level among US Adult Exclusive E-Cigarette Users.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveProvide evidence on racial and ethnic differences in biomarkers of exposure from rising e-cigarette use among U.S. adults.
methodsData were drawn from Waves 1-5 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study (September 2013-November 2019). Differences in biomarkers of exposure and potential harm (BOE/BoPH) across non-Hispanic (NH)-Whites, NH Blacks, Hispanic/Latinos, and NH others were examined using generalized estimation equations.
resultsAmong exclusive e-cigarette users, mean concentrations of BOEs/BoPHs were not significantly different across NH Blacks (n=97), NH others (n=122), and NH Whites (n=1062), after adjustment by wave, age, sex, education, exposure to the secondhand smoke, and the number of recent puffs. Compared to NH Whites, Hispanics (n=151) had lower concentrations of nicotine equivalents (0.5[0.2-1.7] vs. 15.5 [12.5-19.1] nmol/mg creatinine, p<.0001), cotinine (33.4[9.7-114.7] vs. 1008.3 [808.3-1257.9] ng/mg creatinine, p<.0001), and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) (2.6[1.5-4.4] vs. 5.7 [4.9-6.6] pg/mg creatinine, p=.004), but similar concentrations of BOEs for heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, and oxidative stress. Differences between Hispanics and NH Whites are expected, given different e-cigarette use profiles. Specifically, Hispanics were less likely to be daily vapers (49.4[35.1-63.8]% vs 81.3[77.7-84.5]%, p<.0001) and nicotine e-cigarette users (72.7 [64.0-79.9]% vs. 89.2 [86.4-91.5]%, p=.0002] and reported a lower number of recent puffs (mean[standard error]=16.7[3.6] vs. 28.6[2.0], p=.02] than their NH-White counterparts. Hispanic vapers were also less likely than NH Whites to have previously smoked cigarettes (49.7 [37.2-62.3]% vs. 88.5 [84.7-91.5]%, p<.0001]).
conclusionsHispanic vapers exhibited lower exposure to nicotine metabolites and carcinogens than their non-Hispanic White counterparts. The harm reduction potential from e-cigarette use are likely to be realized across diverse racial and ethnic groups.
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