ArticleOphthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)2024
Comparing a head-mounted virtual reality perimeter and the Humphrey Field Analyzer for visual field testing in healthy and glaucoma patients.
Article in Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Virtual reality perimetry compared to standard automated perimetry in adults with glaucoma: A systematic review.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluation of a Head-Mounted Virtual Reality Perimeter Compared with Stationary Perimeters across All Stages of Glaucoma.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Online circular contrast perimetry performed in glaucoma patients in Sub-Saharan Africa: a multi-centre comparative study in Nigeria.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Comparison of virtual reality-based portable perimetry and conventional perimetry in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Structure-Function Correlation of Virtual Reality and Standard Perimetry With Peripapillary RNFL OCT in Glaucoma Patients.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Comparison of portable devices with standard glaucoma diagnostic testing for the detection of glaucoma for the purposes of glaucoma case finding in low-and middle- income countries.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Portable perimetry devices for glaucoma patients -practicality in daily clinical practice and glaucoma expert assessment.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Predicting Variability and Reliability in Visual Field Testing: Short- and Long-Term Approaches.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Perimetry of the Central Visual Field Using a Head-Mounted Open-Source Perimeter in Patients with Inherited Retinal Diseases.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Structure-Function Relationship Between Optic Nerve Head Morphometry and Virtual Reality-Based Perimetry in Open-Angle Glaucoma.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Feasibility and performance of eye movement perimetry for glaucoma triage in Tanzania: A prospective cross-sectional study in a real-world setting.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Advances in the application of virtual reality technology in ophthalmic surgical skills training.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Clinical Assessment of a Virtual Reality Perimeter Versus the Humphrey Field Analyzer: Comparative Reliability, Usability, and Prospective Applications.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Evaluating the Clinical Validity of Commercially Available Virtual Reality Headsets for Visual Field Testing: A Systematic Review.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Patient Comfort, Acceptance, and Tolerability of Virtual Reality (VR) Headsets with Real-Time Eye Tracking for Remote Visual Field Testing.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Current perspectives in tackling glaucoma blindness.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Luminance and thresholding limitations of virtual reality headsets for visual field testing.PloS one · 2025Article
- The Utility of Virtual Reality in Ophthalmology: A Review.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Review
- The Metaverse in Ophthalmology: Application and Perceived Benefits, Challenges, Realistic Expectations, and Future Outlook.Journal of current ophthalmologyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo compare clinical visual field outputs in glaucoma and healthy patients returned by the Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA) and virtual reality (Virtual Field, VF) perimetry.
methodsOne eye of 54 glaucoma patients and 41 healthy subjects was prospectively tested (three times each in random order) using the HFA and VF perimeters (24-2 test grids). We extracted and compared global indices (mean deviation [MD] and pattern standard deviation [PSD]), pointwise sensitivity (and calculated 'equivalent' sensitivity after accounting for differences in background luminance) and pointwise defects. Bland-Altman (mean difference [M
resultsThe VF test was shorter (by 76 s) and had lower fixation losses (by 0.08) and false-positive rate (by 0.01) compared to the HFA (all p < 0.0001). Intraclass correlations were 0.86, 0.82 and 0.47 for MD, PSD and pointwise sensitivity between devices, respectively. Test-retest variability was higher for VF (M
conclusionsVirtual Field returns global results that are correlated with the HFA, but pointwise sensitivities were more variable. Differences in test-retest variability and defect detection by its current normative database raise questions about the widespread adoption of VF in lieu of the HFA.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.