ArticleJournal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry2024
Seroreactivity against lytic, latent and possible cross-reactive EBV antigens appears on average 10 years before MS induced preclinical neuroaxonal damage.
Article in Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- EBNA1Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Epstein-Barr Virus and Multiple Sclerosis: Mechanistic Insights into Virus-Driven Autoimmunity.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Epstein-Barr Virus and Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review on Prevention and the Concept of an Infection-Driven Disease.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Concussion is associated with multiple sclerosis if it occurs before infectious mononucleosis.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Myelin injury precedes axonal injury and symptomatic onset in multiple sclerosis.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- The multiple sclerosis prodrome: insights into how and when disease starts.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025Article
- Epstein-Barr Virus in Multiple Sclerosis: Past, Present, and Future.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Review
- Phenotyping Healthcare Use 2-3 Decades Before the First Multiple Sclerosis Demyelinating Event.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2025Article
- Early identification of individuals at risk for multiple sclerosis by quantification of EBNA-1Nature communications · 2025Article
- Antibody reactivity against EBNA1 and GlialCAM differentiates multiple sclerosis patients from healthy controls.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- The Level of Anti-Viral Antigen-Specific Antibodies to EBNA-1 in the Serum of MS Patients Does not Depend on the Severity of the Disease.Doklady. Biochemistry and biophysics · 2024Article
- In-depth analysis of serum antibodies against Epstein-Barr virus lifecycle proteins, and EBNA1, ANO2, GlialCAM and CRYAB peptides in patients with multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Epstein-Barr virus flare: A multiple sclerosis attack.Surgical neurology international · 2024Review
- T-cell receptor sequencing for detection of Epstein-Barr and cytomegalovirus-specific immune responses in glioma patients: An exploratory study.Neuro-oncology advancesArticle
- Multiple sclerosis as a biological and clinical continuum: from risk factors to the early stages of disease.Frontiers in neurologyReview
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) and presymptomatic axonal injury appear to develop only after an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. This association remains to be confirmed across a broad preclinical time range, for lytic and latent EBV seroreactivity, and for potential cross-reacting antigens.
methodsWe performed a case-control study with 669 individual serum samples obtained before clinical MS onset, identified through cross-linkage with the Swedish MS register. We assayed antibodies against EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1), viral capsid antigen p18, glycoprotein 350 (gp350), the potential cross-reacting protein anoctamin 2 (ANO2) and the level of sNfL, a marker of axonal injury.
resultsEBNA1 (latency) seroreactivity increased in the pre-MS group, at 15-20 years before clinical MS onset, followed by gp350 (lytic) seroreactivity (p=0.001-0.009), ANO2 seropositivity appeared shortly after EBNA1-seropositivity in 16.7% of pre-MS cases and 10.0% of controls (p=0.001).With an average lag of almost a decade after EBV, sNfL gradually increased, mainly in the increasing subgroup of seropositive pre-MS cases (p=8.10
conclusionsSeroreactivity against latent and lytic EBV antigens, and in a subset ANO2, was detectable on average a decade before the appearance of a gradually increasing axonal injury occurring in the last decade before the onset of clinical MS. These findings strengthen the hypothesis of latent EBV involvement in the pathogenesis of MS.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.