Trial reportClinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research2024
Durvalumab ± Tremelimumab + Platinum-Etoposide in Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (CASPIAN): Outcomes by PD-L1 Expression and Tissue Tumor Mutational Burden.
Trial report in Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Harnessing local and system immune profiling delineating differential responders to first-line sintilimab (anti-PD-1 antibody) combined with chemotherapy in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: an exploratory biomarker analysis of a phase II study.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Trial
- Carboplatin, etoposide, atezolizumab, and bevacizumab in the first-line treatment of patients with extensive stage small-cell lung cancer: the GOIRC-01-2019 CeLEBrATE study.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Trial
- Novel Combinations of Immunotherapies or DNA Damage Repair Inhibitors in Platinum-Refractory Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Phase II BALTIC Study.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2024Trial
- Molecular classification and biomarkers of outcome with immunotherapy in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: analyses of the CASPIAN phase 3 study.Molecular cancer · 2024Trial
- Application and mechanistic research of novel therapeutic strategies in cisplatin-resistant small cell lung cancer.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- [Expert Consensus on Immunotherapy for Extensive-stage Small Cell Lung Cancer Based on Molecular Subtyping].Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer · 2026Review
- Article
- Multi-omics reveals key molecular and cellular features of advanced small cell lung cancers associated with distinct therapeutic opportunities.Genome medicine · 2026Article
- Baseline PD-L1 expression on circulating immune cells as a predictor of survival and immune-related adverse events in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer patients treated with durvalumab and carboplatin-etoposide (NCT04712903 Trial).Journal of translational medicine · 2026Observational
- Multi-omics dynamic profiling reveals predictive biomarkers for first-line immunochemotherapy in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Complete pathological response after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in PD-L1-negative unresectable primary hepatic small cell carcinoma: a case report and tumor microenvironment analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Role of thoracic radiotherapy for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer in the era of immunotherapy: a review of current evidence.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The prognostic significance of the lactate dehydrogenase-to-albumin ratio in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer patients receiving chemo-immunotherapy: a multicenter study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Multi-omic profiling provides insights into the heterogeneity, microenvironmental features, and biomarker landscape of small-cell lung cancer.Molecular cancer · 2025Article
- Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation in Small Cell Lung Cancer: Evolution of Evidence, Current Status, and Future Directions.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Phase I Dose-Escalation Trial Combining Olaparib and Thoracic Radiotherapy in Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Article
- Immunotherapy for small cell lung cancer: current challenges and prospects.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- Durvalumab With or Without Tremelimumab in Combination With Chemoradiotherapy in Patients With Limited-Stage SCLC: Results from the Phase 1 CLOVER Study.JTO clinical and research reports · 2025Article
- Article
- The Efficacy and Safety of Brain Radiotherapy Combined With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) for Small-Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) Patients With Brain Metastases (BMs).Thoracic cancer · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
22 authors at 19 institutions in 14 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeIn the CASPIAN trial, first-line durvalumab plus platinum-etoposide (EP) significantly improved overall survival (OS) versus EP alone in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). We report exploratory analyses of CASPIAN outcomes by programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression and tissue tumor mutational burden (tTMB). EXPERIMENTAL
designPatients were randomized (1:1:1) to durvalumab (1,500 mg) plus EP, durvalumab plus tremelimumab (75 mg) plus EP, or EP alone. Treatment effects in PD-L1 and tTMB subgroups were estimated using an unstratified Cox proportional hazards model.
resultsThe PD-L1 and tTMB biomarker-evaluable populations (BEP) comprised 54.4% (438/805) and 35.2% (283/805) of the intention-to-treat population, respectively. PD-L1 prevalence was low: 5.7%, 25.8%, and 28.3% had PD-L1 expression on ≥1% tumor cells (TC), ≥1% immune cells (IC), and ≥1% TCs or ICs, respectively. OS benefit with durvalumab plus EP versus EP was similar across PD-L1 subgroups, with HRs all falling within the 95% confidence interval (CI) for the PD-L1 BEP (0.47‒0.79). OS benefit with durvalumab plus tremelimumab plus EP versus EP was greater in PD-L1 ≥1% versus <1% subgroups, although CIs overlapped. There was no evidence of an interaction between tTMB and treatment effect on OS (durvalumab plus EP vs. EP, P = 0.916; durvalumab plus tremelimumab plus EP vs. EP, P = 0.672).
conclusionsOS benefit with first-line durvalumab plus EP in patients with ES-SCLC was observed regardless of PD-L1 or tTMB status. PD-L1 expression may prove to be a useful biomarker for combined treatment with PD-(L)1 and CTLA-4 inhibition, although this requires confirmation with an independent dataset. See related commentary by Rolfo and Russo, p. 652.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.