ArticleField methods2023
Using Attributes of Survey Items to Predict Response Times May Benefit Survey Research.
Article in Field methods, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Be My Assistant or My Partner? How AI Relational Roles and Goal Distance Impact Consumers' Intentions to Participate in Collective Sustainable Behavior.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Streamlining Stigma Measurement: Validation and Abridgment of the HIV Stigma Scale for Pregnant Women Living with HIV in South Africa.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Digital questionnaire response time (DQRT): A ubiquitous and low-cost digital assay of cognitive processing speed.Behavior research methods · 2025Article
- Can you tell people's cognitive ability level from their response patterns in questionnaires?Behavior research methods · 2024Article
- Inferring Cognitive Abilities from Response Times to Web-Administered Survey Items in a Population-Representative Sample.Journal of Intelligence · 2022Article
- From the Page to the Plate: Designing an Accessible Nutrition Resource Through Community-Engaged Research.Global advances in integrative medicine and healthArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Researchers have become increasingly interested in response times to survey items as a measure of cognitive effort. We used machine learning to develop a prediction model of response times based on 41 attributes of survey items (e.g., question length, response format, linguistic features) collected in a large, general population sample. The developed algorithm can be used to derive reference values for expected response times for most commonly used survey items.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.