ReviewEndocrine2024
Efficacy and safety of metformin during pregnancy: an update.
Review in Endocrine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Preexisting Diabetes and Pregnancy: An Endocrine Society and European Society of Endocrinology Joint Clinical Practice Guideline.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Guideline
- Efficacy of glyburide vs. metformin in preventing neonatal birth obesity in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Plasma Glycated CD59 and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2024Pooled it
- The Effect of Metformin on Insulin Requirement, Glycaemic Control and Weight Gain in Type 1 Diabetes During Pregnancy-a Randomised, Placebo-Controlled Multicentre Study.Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews · 2025Trial
- The impact of metformin on placental ageing in humans and mice.The Journal of physiology · 2025Trial
- Effect of dietary myo-inositol supplementation on the insulin resistance and the prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus: an open-label, randomized controlled trial.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2024Trial
- Maternal metformin treatment in obese pregnant dams normalizes neonatal sensory-motor reflexes.Molecular and cellular pediatrics · 2026Article
- Safety and clinical considerations of alopecia therapies during pregnancy, fertility treatment, and polycystic ovary syndrome workup.International journal of women's dermatology · 2026Review
- Metformin as a potential therapeutic agent in broken heart syndrome: Targeting AMPK-dependent cardio-protection and microvascular function.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Comprehensive Review of Gestational Diabetes: Pathophysiology, Pharmacological Management and the Role of Pharmaceutical Care.Current drug safety · 2026Review
- Rate and Characteristics of Metformin Use in Gestational Diabetes.Obstetrics and gynecology international · 2026Article
- The β-hCG-TNF-α-T cell axis in threatened abortion: unraveling the pathogenic cascade from aberrant glycosylation to inflammatory demise.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Effectiveness of Metformin Prolonged-Release Formulation on Achievement of Optimal Glycemic Control in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Protocol for a Pilot, Randomized, Double-Blind, Clinical Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Metformin Attenuates Spontaneous and Stimulated Myometrium Contractions in Rat Uterine Strips.The Eurasian journal of medicine · 2025Article
- Gestational diabetes mellitus subtypes according to oral glucose tolerance test and pregnancy outcomes.Endocrine · 2025Article
- Foetal Metformin Exposure, Childhood Adiposity and Future Cardiovascular Risk: Can We Connect the Dots?TouchREVIEWS in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Management of pregnancy with metformin: Case reports for genetic insulin resistance syndrome and a literature review for gestational and type 2 diabetes.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2025Review
- NLRP3 inflammasomes pathway: a key target for Metformin.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- Effect of in utero metformin exposure in gestational diabetes mellitus on infant mesenchymal stem cell metabolism.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Metformin for Treating Gestational Diabetes: What Have We Learned During the Last Two Decades? A Systematic Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
During the last decades, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) prevalence has been on the rise. While insulin remains the gold standard treatment for GDM, metformin use during pregnancy is controversial. This review aimed to comprehensively assess the available data on the efficacy and safety of metformin during pregnancy, both for the mother and the offspring. Metformin has been validated for maternal efficacy and safety, achieving comparable glycemic control with insulin. Additionally, it reduces maternal weight gain and possibly the occurrence of hypertensive disorders. During the early neonatal period, metformin administration does not increase the risk of congenital anomalies or other major adverse effects, including lower APGAR score at 5 min, neonatal intensive care unit admissions, and respiratory distress syndrome. Several studies have demonstrated a reduction in neonatal hypoglycemia. Metformin has been associated with an increase in preterm births and lower birth weight, although this effect is controversial and depends on the indication for which it was administered. Evidence indicates possible altered fetal programming and predisposition to childhood obesity and metabolic syndrome during adulthood after use of metformin in pregnancy. With critical questions still requiring a final verdict, ongoing research on the field must be conducted.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.