ArticleNature medicine2023
Efficacy estimates of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention in cisgender women with partial adherence.
Article in Nature medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adherence and HIV Protection Thresholds for Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Preexposure Prophylaxis among Cisgender Women: A Systematic Review.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2024Pooled it
- Evaluating adherence in an active-controlled HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis trial (PrEPVacc) to inform the estimation of HIV incidence in a counterfactual placebo arm.HIV research & clinical practice · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Predicting Oral HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Efficacy in Cisgender Women Across Pregnancy and Postpartum.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis service delivery among young women at increased risk for HIV acquisition in South Africa: a time-and-motion study.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Pharmacological markers of HIV prevention for oral pre-exposure prophylaxis in men who have sex with men.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Adherence to Oral HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis During Pregnancy and the Post-partum Period: Lessons Learned in an Open-Labelled Clinical Trial.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Optimizing On-Demand Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine Dosing in Women for HIV Prevention.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Estimated benefits of providing on-demand pre-exposure prophylaxis options for cisgender women in South Africa: A modeling study.PloS one · 2026Article
- PrEP Prescription Lengths: Associations with Patient Retention, On-Time Renewal and Demographics.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Recommendations for Interpreting Intraerythrocytic Tenofovir Diphosphate and Emtricitabine Triphosphate for HIV-1 Preexposure Prophylaxis Adherence Assessment.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Review
- Estimated impact of long-acting injectable PrEP in South Africa: a model comparison analysis.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Article
- HIV diagnosis during acute infection: implications of long-acting preexposure prophylaxis and other evolving challenges.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
- Dosing forgiveness of oral PrEP for cisgender women remains uncertain.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Article
- Modeling of HIV-1 prophylactic efficacy and toxicity with islatravir shows non-superiority for oral dosing, but promise as a subcutaneous implant.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 8 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with tenofovir (TFV) disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine administered orally daily is effective in preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition in both men and women with sufficient adherence; however, the adherence-efficacy relationship in cisgender women has not been well established. We calculated the adherence-efficacy curve for cisgender women by using HIV incidence and plasma TFV concentration data from three trials (FEM-PrEP, VOICE and Partners PrEP). We imputed TFV diphosphate (TFV-DP) concentrations, a measure of long-term adherence, from TFV quantification by using data from the HIV Prevention Trials Network 082 study, which measured both TFV-DP and TFV concentrations. Two, four and seven pills per week reduced HIV incidence by 59.3% (95% credible interval (CrI) 29.9-95.8%), 83.8% (95% CI 51.7-99.8%) and 95.9% (95% CI 72.6-100%), respectively. Our adherence-efficacy curve can be validated and updated by HIV prevention studies that directly measure TFV-DP concentrations. The curve suggests that high adherence confers high protection in cisgender women. However, the lower efficacy with partial adherence highlights the need for new PrEP products and interventions to increase adherence.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.